SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA HAMA TANAMAN JERUK BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR
TUGAS AKHIR
Sebagai Persyaratan Guna Meraih Gelar Sarjana Strata 1 Teknik Informatika Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
NURAINI EKA PANGASTUTI 201110370311419
FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2016
i
ii
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Dengan memanjatkan puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas limpahan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga peneliti dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir yang berjudul: “Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Hama Tanaman Jeruk Berbasis Web menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor” Peneliti menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini masih banyak kekurangan dan keterbatasan. Oleh karena itu peneliti mengharapkan saran yang membangun agar tulisan ini bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan kedepan. Akhir kata peneliti mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu sehingga tugas akhir ini terselesaikan. Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Malang, 29 April 2016
Peneliti
iii
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN .........................................................................
i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ...........................................................................
ii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ..........................................................................
iii
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN .......................................................................
v
ABSTRAK .....................................................................................................
vi
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................
vii
KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR .....................................................................................
xii
DAFTAR TABEL .........................................................................................
xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................
1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .........................................................................
3
1.3 Batasan Masalah ............................................................................
3
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ...........................................................................
3
1.5 Manfaat ........................................................................................
4
1.6 Metodologi ....................................................................................
4
1.7 Sistematika Penulisan ...................................................................
6
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Jeruk ............................................................................................. 2.1.1
7
Kandungan Gizi pada Buah Jeruk ....................................
7
2.2 Jenis Tanaman Jeruk ....................................................................
8
2.3 Manfaat Tanaman Jeruk ...............................................................
9
2.4 Hama dan Penyakit pada Tanaman Jeruk ....................................
9
2.4.1
Hama pada Jeruk ..............................................................
9
2.5 Kecerdasan Buatan .......................................................................
14
2.6 Sistem Pakar ..................................................................................
15
2.6.1
Sejarah Sistem Pakar .........................................................
17
iv
2.6.2
Struktur Sistem Pakar ........................................................
19
2.7 Forward Chaining (Runut Maju) ..................................................
21
2.8 Certainty Factor (Faktor Kepastian) .............................................
23
2.9 PHP Script .....................................................................................
25
2.10 MySQL ........................................................................................
26
BAB III ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM 3.1 Analisis Kebutuhan ......................................................................
27
3.1.1
Arsitektur Sistem ...............................................................
27
3.1.2
Perancangan Certainty Factor ..........................................
27
3.2 Perancangan Sistem .....................................................................
33
3.2.1
Analisa Kebutuhan Fungsional ........................................
33
3.2.2
Design Sistem ...................................................................
34
3.2.3
Context Diagram ...............................................................
35
3.2.4
Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0 ..................................
36
3.2.5
DFD Level 1 ......................................................................
37
3.2.6
Flowchart Program ...........................................................
39
3.2.7 Perancangan Antarmuka ...................................................
40
BAB IV IMPLEMENTASI DAN PENGUJIAN 4.1 Implementasi ................................................................................
45
4.1.1
Kebutuhan Fungsional ......................................................
45
4.1.2
Implementasi Database .....................................................
46
4.1.3
Implementasi Antarmuka ..................................................
48
4.1.3.1 Implementasi Halaman Utama User......................
49
4.1.3.2 Implementasi Halaman Tutorial ............................
50
4.1.3.3 Implementasi Halaman Diagnosa ..........................
51
4.1.3.4 Implementasi Halaman Hasil Diagnosa ................
52
4.1.3.5 Implementasi Halaman Riwayat ...........................
56
4.1.3.6 Implementasi Menu Admin ...................................
57
4.1.3.7 Implementasi Halaman Utama Admin ..................
58
4.1.3.8 Implementasi Halaman Kelola List Hama ............
59
v
4.1.3.9 Implementasi Halaman Kelola List Gejala ...........
60
4.1.3.10 Implementasi Halaman Kelola Bobot Gejala ......
61
4.1.3.11 Implementasi Halaman Inferensi Rule ................
62
4.2 Pengujian Sistem ..........................................................................
64
4.2.1
Kasus dan Pengujian Fungsional ......................................
64
4.2.2
Kasus dan Pengujian Pakar ...............................................
65
BAB V PENUTUP 5.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................
68
5.2 Saran .............................................................................................
68
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................
69
vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Konsep Kecerdasan Buatan .......................................................
15
Gambar 2.2 Struktur Sistem Pakar ................................................................
19
Gambar 2.3 Diagram Pelacakan ke Depan (Forward Chaining) ..................
22
Gambar 3.1 Use Case Diagram Sistem Pakar ...............................................
34
Gambar 3.2 Arsitektur Sistem .......................................................................
35
Gambar 3.3 Context Diagram .......................................................................
35
Gambar 3.4 DFD Level 0 ..............................................................................
36
Gambar 3.5 DFD Level 1 Kelola Inferensi Rule ...........................................
37
Gambar 3.6 DFD Level 1 Kelola Hama ........................................................
38
Gambar 3.7 DFD Level 1 Kelola Gejala .......................................................
38
Gambar 3.8 Flowchart Program ....................................................................
39
Gambar 3.9 Layout Aplikasi Tampilan Halaman Depan ..............................
40
Gambar 3.10 Layout Aplikasi Tampilan Input Data .....................................
40
Gambar 3.11 Layout Aplikasi Menu Diagnosa .............................................
41
Gambar 3.12 Layout Aplikasi Hasil Diagnosa ..............................................
42
Gambar 3.13 Layout Aplikasi Menu Kelola .................................................
43
Gambar 3.14 Layout Aplikasi Menu Laporan ...............................................
44
Gambar 4.1 Struktur Database ......................................................................
46
Gambar 4.2 Struktur Tabel gejala ..................................................................
47
Gambar 4.3 Struktur Tabel hama ..................................................................
47
Gambar 4.4 Struktur Tabel inferensi_rule .....................................................
47
Gambar 4.5 Struktur Tabel j_admin ..............................................................
47
Gambar 4.6 Struktur Tabel riwayat_diagnosa ...............................................
48
Gambar 4.7 Struktur Tabel user ....................................................................
48
Gambar 4.8 Implementasi Halaman Utama User ..........................................
49
Gambar 4.9 Kode Halaman Utama ...............................................................
50
Gambar 4.10 Implementasi Halaman Tutorial untuk User ............................
50
Gambar 4.11 Kode Halaman Tutorial ...........................................................
51
Gambar 4.12 Implementasi Halaman Diagnosa ............................................
51
Gambar 4.13 Implementasi Halaman Hasil Diagnosa ...................................
52
vii
Gambar 4.14 Implementasi Halaman Hasil Diagnosa ...................................
54
Gambar 4.15 Pilihan Cetak Hasil Diagnosa ..................................................
55
Gambar 4.16 Kode Proses Perhitungan Certainty Factor .............................
55
Gambar 4.17 Implementasi Halaman Riwayat ..............................................
56
Gambar 4.18 Kode Halaman Riwayat ...........................................................
56
Gambar 4.19 Implementasi Halaman Login Admin .....................................
57
Gambar 4.20 Tampilan Login Gagal .............................................................
57
Gambar 4.21 Kode Halaman Login ...............................................................
57
Gambar 4.22 Implementasi Menu Utama Admin .........................................
58
Gambar 4.23 Kode Menu Utama Admin .......................................................
58
Gambar 4.24 Implementasi Halaman Kelola List Hama ...............................
59
Gambar 4.25 Kode Kelola List Hama ...........................................................
59
Gambar 4.26 Implementasi Halaman Kelola List Gejala ..............................
60
Gambar 4.27 Kode Kelola List Gejala ..........................................................
60
Gambar 4.28 Implementasi Halaman Kelola Bobot Gejala ..........................
61
Gambar 4.29 Kode Menu Kelola Bobot Gejala ............................................
62
Gambar 4.30 Implementasi Halaman Inferensi Rule ....................................
62
Gambar 4.31 Kode Menu Inferensi Rule .......................................................
63
viii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Nilai Interpretasi dari Pakar ...........................................................
25
Tabel 3.1 Tabel Keputusan Diagnosa Hama Tanaman Jeruk .........................
27
Tabel 3.2 Nilai Bobot dan Keterangannya .....................................................
29
Tabel 3.3 Gejala Hama Tungau Karat (phyllocoptruta oleivora) ..................
30
Tabel 3.4 Gejala Hama Tungau Merah (Panonychus citri) ...........................
30
Tabel 3.5 Gejala Hama Scirtothrips citri .......................................................
30
Tabel 3.6 Gejala Hama Kutu Sisik (Lepidosaphes beckii) ..............................
30
Tabel 3.7 Gejala Hama Ulat Buah (Citripestis sagitiferella) ..........................
30
Tabel 3.8 Gejala Hama Lalat Buah (Bactrocera spp.) ....................................
31
Tabel 3.9 Gejala Hama Prays endocarpa........................................................
31
ix
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Agromaret, 2011, Hama pada tanaman jeruk http://agromaret.com/artikel/670/hama_pada_tanaman_jeruk, pada 31 agustus 2015
(online) Diakses
Balitjestro. 2013, Pengenalan dan Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Jeruk. Batu: Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Kementrian Pertanian. Muhammad Arhami. 2005, Konsep Dasar Sistem Pakar. Andi, Yogyakarta Giarratano, J. & Riley, G. 2005. Expert System: Principles and Programming, 4th Edition. PWS Publishing Company, Boston Harto, Dodi. 2013. Perancangan Sistem Pakar Untuk Mengidentifikasi Penyakit Pada Tanaman Semangka Dengan Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor. 2301-9425 Jogyanto. 2005. Analisis dan Desain. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset Kusrini. 2006. Sistem Pakar Teori dan Aplikasi. Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta Kristanto, Andri. 2004. Kecerdasan Buatan . Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu Kusumadewi, S. 2003. Artificial Intelligence (Teknik dan Aplikasinya). Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu Pracaya. 2003. Hama dan Penyakit tanaman (Edisi Revisi). Jakarta : Penebar Suherman.2012. The Use Of Certainty Factor With Multiple Rules for Diagnosing Internal Disease. 2319-4847 Sutojo, T. 2011. Kecerdasan Buatan.Yogyakarta: Andi Turban, E. 2005. Decision Support Systems and Expert Systems. Prentice hall inc, USA
x