PERENCANAAN DAN ANTISIPASI REVOLUSI MASIF JARINGAN SELULER DI INDONESIA

PERENCANAAN DAN ANTISIPASI REVOLUSI MASIF JARINGAN SELULER DI INDONESIA Disusun oleh : Irene Tandrian (1122049) Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Kristen Maranatha Jl. Prof. Drg. Suria Sumantri, MPH. No. 65, Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia E – mail : [email protected]

ABSTRAK Teknologi komunikasi seluler telah berkembang seiring dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Dapat diketahui dari data International Telecommunication Union, bahwa kebutuhan akan data dari tahun 2008 sampai saat ini akan terus meningkat. Spektrum frekuensi merupakan sumber daya yang terbatas. Kehadiran generasi keempat seluler membutuhkan alokasi frekuensi. Namun, karena keterbatasan alokasi frekuensi tersebut, tidak memungkinkan untuk melakukan penambahan frekuensi. Untuk menerapkan jaringan 4G hanya dapat dilakukan dengan cara re-arrangement dan re-farming. Pada Tugas Akhir ini akan dilakukan perencanaan site baru untuk memastikan bahwa kapasitas 2G voice minimal sama atau lebih baik dari sebelum penerapan 4G dengan mengamati data frekuensi re-farming dan rearrangement jaringan 2G. Dari hasil analisa dan pengamatan data dari konfigurasi GSM, untuk konfigurasi yang baru digunakan konfigurasi 1/1/1 dengan 4 site/cluster dan dengan nilai C/I sebesar 16,812 dB. Sedangkan dari konfigurasi DCS, untuk konfigurasi yang barunya digunakan konfigurasi 6/6/6 dengan 6 site/cluster dan dengan nilai C/I sebesar 18,116 dB. Perencanaan penambahan site DCS dilakukan untuk memastikan kapasitas/trafik yang ada sekarang minimal sama atau lebih baik dan dari perhitungan yang didapat, dengan melakukan pengurangan jumlah total kapasitas/trafik yang baru terhadap yang lama maka akan didapat hasil sebesar 99,46 Erlang yang merupakan lebihnya.

Kata Kunci: GSM, DCS, re-farming, re-arrangement, kapasitas, konfigurasi, 2G voice, site baru, spektrum frekuensi.

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Universitas Kristen Maranatha

Planning and Anticipation of Massive Revolution for Cellular Network in Indonesia Composed By: Irene Tandrian (1122049) Major in Electrical Engineering, Engineering Department, Maranatha Christian University Jl. Prof.Drg.Suria Sumantri, MPH no.65, Bandung, Indonesia E – mail : [email protected]

ABSTRACT Cellular communications technology has evolved along with the needs of the users. It can be seen from the International Telecommunication Union data, the needs for data from 2008 to date will continue to rise. The frequency spectrum is a limited resource. The presence of fourth generation cellular requires the allocation of frequencies. However, due to the limited of frequency allocation is impossible to perform additional frequencies. To apply 4G network, it can only be done by re-arrangement and re-farming methods. In this final project will be planning new sites to ensure that the capacity of 2G voice at least the same or better than before applying 4G through the observation of frequency data re-farming and re-arrangement of 2G network. From the results of observation and analysis data from GSM configuration, the new GSM configuration is used 1/1/1 configuration with 4 sites/clusters with the value of C/I is 16.812 dB. While DCS configuration, the new configuration is used 6/6/6 configuration with 6 sites/clusters with the value of C/I is 18.116 dB. Planning of the addition DCS site is done to ensure the existing capacity/traffic is at least the same or better than the obtained calculations, by reducing the total amount of the new capacity/traffic against the old one, it will get the results of 99.46 Erlang which is the excess.

Keywords: GSM, DCS, re-farming, re-arrangement, capacity, configuration, 2G voice, new site, frequency spectrum

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DAFTAR ISI Halaman LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS LAPORAN PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR ABSTRAK ................................................................................................ i ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................. iii DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................. v DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................ x DAFTAR SINGKATAN .......................................................................... xii

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang ...................................................................... 1 1.2. Identifikasi Masalah ............................................................. 3 1.3. Rumusan Masalah ................................................................. 3 1.4. Tujuan .................................................................................. 3 1.5. Batasan Masalah ................................................................... 4 1.6. Sistematika penulisan ............................................................ 4

BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI 2.1 Generasi Seluler .................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Generasi Pertama ....................................................... 6 2.1.2 Generasi Kedua (2G) .................................................. 6 2.1.3 Generasi Ketiga (3G) .................................................. 7 2.1.4 Generasi Keempat (4G) .............................................. 8 2.1.5 Tabel Perbandingan Generasi Seluler......................... 9 2.2 Jenis Kanal Seluler ................................................................. 10 2.2.1 Traffic Channel (TCH) ................................................ 10

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2.2.2 Control Channel (CCH) .............................................. 11 2.3 Air Interface Teknologi Seluler ............................................. 11 2.3.1 Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN) .............................................................................................. 12 2.4 Model Propagasi Gelombang Radio ...................................... 15 2.4.1 Model Empiris ............................................................. 15 2.4.2.1 Okumura-Hata Model...................................... 15 2.4.2.2 COST 231 Hata Model .................................... 16 2.4.2.3 COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami Model ................ 17 2.4.2.4 Lee’s Model ..................................................... 17 2.4.2 Model Deterministik .................................................... 18 2.5 Jenis Layanan Sistem Seluler ................................................. 19 2.5.1 Circuit Switching ....................................................... 19 2.5.2 Packet Switching.......................................................... 19 2.6 Tahap-Tahap Re-Arrangement ............................................... 19 2.6.1 Tahap Inter Operator ................................................... 19 2.6.1.1 Metode Direct .................................................. 20 2.6.1.2 Metode Indirect .............................................. 20 2.6.1.3 Metode Stepwise ............................................ 20 2.6.2 Tahap Intra Operator ................................................... 20 2.7 Fractional Load ..................................................................... 21 2.8 Frequency Reuse .................................................................... 21 2.9 Cell Splitting .......................................................................... 23 2.10 Air Interface yang dihubungkan dengan Kualitas dan Jangkauan .................................................................................... 23 2.10.1 Dari Segi Kualitas ..................................................... 23 2.10.1.1 Interferensi ................................................... 23 2.10.1.1.1 Solusi Untuk Mengatasi Interferensi ............................................................. ........... 24 2.10.1.2 Fading .......................................................... 26 2.10.1.2.1 Solusi Untuk Mengatasi Fading .... 27

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2.10.1.3 Free Space Path Loss ................................... 27 2.10.2 Dari Segi Jangkauan .................................................. 28 2.10.2.1 Solusi Untuk Mengatasi Jangkauan dan Path Loss 28

BAB 3 PERANCANGAN DAN REALISASI 3.1 Perbandingan Voice dengan Data .......................................... 29 3.2 Diagram Cara Kerja Perancangan dan Realisasi ................... 30 3.3 Frekuensi Re-Arrangement Pada 1800 MHz ........................ 31 3.4 Perencanaan Site Baru 2G DCS ............................................ 33 3.5 Data Lokasi Base Station Kota Makassar .............................. 35 3.6 Konversi Data dari Excel ke Google Earth ........................... 37 3.7 Proses Data Tabel 3.1 ............................................................ 38 3.7.1 PerhitunganTrafik/Kapasitas dari Konfigurasi ............ 39 3.7.2 Perhitungan Jumlah Site yang Dibutuhkan .................. 40 3.8 Perhitungan Nilai Radius dari Site Kota Makassar ................ 41 3.8.1 Membuat Lingkaran Radius pada Google Earth ......... 42 3.8.2 Tahap Perencanaan dalam Penentuan Site Baru ......... 43

BAB 4 DATA PENGAMATAN DAN ANALISIS 4.1 Analisa Konfigurasi GSM dan DCS ..................................... 45 4.1.1 Konfigurasi GSM .......................................................... 45 4.1.2 Konfigurasi DCS........................................................... 50 4.2 Analisis Site............................................................................ 54

BAB 5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan ............................................................................... 55 5.2 Saran ...................................................................................... 55

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................... 56 LAMPIRAN A .......................................................................................... A – 1 LAMPIRAN B .......................................................................................... B – 1

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LAMPIRAN C .......................................................................................... C - 1

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DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman Tabel 2.1

Tabel Perbandingan Generasi Seluler ............................................ 9

Tabel 2.2

Perbandingan Empiris dan Deterministik ...................................... 18

Tabel 3.1

Data-Data Lokasi Base Station Kota Makassar yang Dibutuhkan ....................................................................................................... 36

Tabel 4.1

ARFCN Untuk 4G 900 dari Data Operator ................................... 46

Tabel 4.2

Kesimpulan dari GSM ................................................................... 47

Tabel 4.3

Hasil Trafik/Kapasitas dari Konfigurasi ........................................ 48

Tabel 4.4

ARFCN Untuk 4G 1800 dan Rencana Kedepan dari Data Operator ....................................................................................................... 51

Tabel 4.5

Kesimpulan dari DCS .................................................................... 51

Tabel 4.6

Hasil Trafik/Kapasitas dari Konfigurasi ........................................ 52

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 1.1 Grafik Perbandingan Layanan Suara dengan Data .......................... 1 Gambar 1.2 Cell Splitting .................................................................................... 2 Gambar 2.1 Arsitektur Jaringan 2G ..................................................................... 7 Gambar 2.2 Arsitektur Jaringan 3G ..................................................................... 8 Gambar 2.3 Arsitektur Jaringan 4G ..................................................................... 9 Gambar 2.4 Ilustrasi Air Interface ....................................................................... 11 Gambar 2.5 Ilustrasi Proses Uplink dan Downlink .............................................. 12 Gambar 2.6 ARFCN untuk GSM ........................................................................ 13 Gambar 2.7 Alokasi Frekuensi 900 MHz ............................................................ 13 Gambar 2.8 Alokasi Frekuensi 1800 MHz .......................................................... 14 Gambar 2.9 Ilustrasi N=3 .................................................................................... 22 Gambar 2.10 Co-Channel dan Adjacent Channel Interference ........................... 24 Gambar 2.11 Ilustrasi Fading .............................................................................. 26 Gambar 3.1 Penataan Ulang pada Alokasi Frekuensi 1800 MHz (Inter Operator) ....................................................................................................... 31 Gambar 3.2 Ilustrasi Frekuensi Re-Arrangement dan Re-Farming ..................... 32 Gambar 3.3 Roadmap User Seluler – Migrasi Pengguna 2G-3G-4G………… 33 Gambar 3.4 Ilustrasi dari Penambahan Site Baru ................................................ 33

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Gambar 3.5 Program Online Excel ke Google Earth .......................................... 37 Gambar 3.6 Site Kota Makassar .......................................................................... 38 Gambar 3.7 Gambar Site Kota Makassar dengan Radius ................................... 42 Gambar 3.8 Penempatan Site Baru ..................................................................... 43 Gambar 3.9 115 Jumlah Site Sesuai dengan yang Dibutuhkan ........................... 44 Gambar 4.1 GSM dengan 4 Site .......................................................................... 49 Gambar 4.2 Frequency Reuse untuk N=4 ........................................................... 49 Gambar 4.3 DCS dengan 6 Site ........................................................................... 53 Gambar 4.4 Frequency Reuse untuk N=6 ........................................................... 53

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Daftar Singkatan

AMPS- Advanced Mobile Phone Systems ARFCN- Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number Auc- Authentication Center BCCH- Broadcast Control Channel BS- Base Station BSC- Base Station Controller BSS- Base Station Controller BTS- Base Transceiver Station C/I- Carrier to Interference CCCH- Common Control Channel CCH- Control Channel COST- European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical research DCCH- Dedicated Control Channel DCS- Digital Cellular System EDGE- Enhanced Data GSM Evolution EIR- Equipment Identity Register eNode B- evolved Node B EPC- Evolved Packet System E-UTRAN- Evolved UTRAN

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FDMA- Frequency Division Multiple Access FSK- Frequency Shift Keying FSPL- Free Space Path Loss GGSN- Gateway GPRS Support Node GIWU- GSM Internetworking Unit GMSC- Gateway Mobile Switching Center GMSK- Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying GoS- Grade of Service GPRS- General Packet Radio Service GSM- Global System for Mobile Communication HLR- Home Location Register HSDPA- High- Speed Downlink Packet Access HSS- Home Subscriber Server ISDN- Integrated Services Digital Network ITU- International Telecommunication Union KML- Keyhole Markup Language LOS- Line of Sight LTE- Long Term Evolution MME- Mobility Management Entity MS- Mobile Station

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MSC- Mobile Switching Center NLOS- Non Line of Sight NSS- Network and Switching Subsystem OFDMA- Orthogonal- Frequency Division Multiple Access OMC- Operating and Maintenance Centre OSS- Operating and Support System PDN GW- Packet Data Network Gateway PSDN- Public Switched Data Network PSTN- Public Switched Telephone Network QPSK- Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RNC- Radio Network Controller SAE- System Architecture Evolution SGSN- Serving GPRS Support Node S-GW- Serving Gateway TCH- Traffic Channel TDMA- Time Division Multiple Access TRX- Transceiver Receiver UDN- Ultra Dense Network UE- User Equipment UMTS- Universal Mobile Telecommunications System URL- Uniform Resource Locater

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UTRAN- UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network VLR- Visitor Location Register VoLTE- Voice over LTE WCDMA- Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

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PERENCANAAN DAN ANTISIPASI REVOLUSI MASIF JARINGAN SELULER DI INDONESIA

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