LANDASAN PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR Tugas Akhir Periode 118
PENGEMBANGAN ARENA PACUAN KUDA TEGALWATON, KABUPATEN SEMARANG SEBAGAI PUSAT KEGIATAN BERKUDA DI JAWA TENGAH Penekanan Desain Eco-Architecture Dengan Aplikasi Material Bambu
Diajukan oleh : RISTYA ARINTA SAFITRI NIM. L2B 008 083
Dosen Pembimbing : 1. Ir. Budi Sudarwanto, MSi 2. M. Sahid Indraswara, ST, MTA
JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO 2012
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN LANDASAN PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR Pengembangan Arena Pacuan Kuda Tegalwaton, Kabupaten Semarang Sebagai Pusat Kegiatan Berkuda di Jawa Tengah Diajukan oleh : RISTYA ARINTA SAFITRI NIM. L2B 008 083 Dinyatakan telah memenuhi persyaratan di depan Tim Penguji
Pembimbing Utama,
Pembimbing Kedua,
Ir. Budi Sudarwanto, M.Si NIP. 196408041991021002
M. Sahid Indraswara, ST, MT NIP. 197611102000121003
Penguji,
Penguji,
Penguji,
Ir. Indriastjario, M. Eng NIP. 196210161988031003
Ir.Bambang Adji M, MSA NIP. 195305051985031001
Septana Bagus P, ST,MT NIP. 197609112002121001
Semarang, Maret 2012 Panitia Ujian Sarjana Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro Ketua
Septana Bagus P, ST,MT NIP. 197609112002121001 ii
KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur ke hadirat Allah SWT berkat rahmat dan ridho-Nya penyusun dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan naskah Landasan Program Perencanaan dan Perancangan Arsitektur (LP3A) dengan judul Pengembangan Arena Pacuan Kuda Tegalwaton, Kabupaten Semarang Sebagai Pusat Kegiatan Berkuda di Jawa Tengah yang diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik. Penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu terselesaikannya naskah ini, terutama kepada : 1. Bapak Edward Endrianto P, ST,MT, Ph.D Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro. 2. Ibu Dr. Atiek Suprapti Budiarto, MT Sekretaris Jurusan Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro 3. Septana Bagus P, ST, MT selaku Ketua Panitia Ujian Sarjana Periode 118 dan dosen penguji 4. Ir. Budi Sudarwanto, MSi selaku dosen pembimbing utama 5. M.Sahid Indraswara, ST. MT selaku dosen pembimbing kedua 6. Ir. Indriastjario, M.Eng selaku dosen penguji 7.
Ir. Bambang Adji Murtomo, MSA selaku dosen penguji
Akhir kata, penyusun berharap semoga naskah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca.
Semarang, Maret 2012
Penyusun
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DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul .............................................................................................................. i Lembar Pengesahan .................................................................................................... ii Kata Pengantar ............................................................................................................ iii Daftar isi....................................................................................................................... iv Daftar Gambar ............................................................................................................ vii Daftar Tabel ................................................................................................................ viii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran ..................................................................................... 2 1.3 Manfaat ........................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Ruang Lingkup ............................................................................................. 3 1.5 Metode Pembahasan ................................................................................... 3 1.6 Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................................ 4 1.7 Alur Pikir ...................................................................................................... 5 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN STUDI BANDING 2.1. Tinjauan Olahraga Berkuda di Indonesia .................................................... 6 2.1.1.Cabang Olahraga Berkuda ................................................................. 6 2.1.2. Kebutuhan dan Perlengkapan Olahraga Berkuda.............................. 7 2.2. Tinjauan Arena Pacuan Kuda ...................................................................... 7 2.2.1. Track pacu ........................................................................................ 8 2.2.2. Tribun ................................................................................................ 8 2.2.3. Menara Kontrol Juri ........................................................................... 9 2.2.4. Stall paddock..................................................................................... 9 2.2.5. Ruang Jocky ..................................................................................... 9 2.2.6. Ruang P3K ........................................................................................ 9 2.3. Tinjauan Sekolah Berkuda (Riding School).................................................. 9 2.3.1. Persyaratan Sekolah Berkuda ......................................................... 10 2.3.2. Perencanaan Sekolah Berkuda ....................................................... 10 2.4. Tinjauan Horse Management ................................................................... 13 2.4.1. Kandang kuda (Loose Box) ............................................................. 14 2.4.2. Sick Box .......................................................................................... 15 2.4.3. Tack Room ...................................................................................... 15 2.4.4. Feed Room ..................................................................................... 16 2.4.5. Feed store ....................................................................................... 16 2.4.6. Ruang pengelola ............................................................................. 17 2.4.7. Utility Box ........................................................................................ 17 2.4.8. Ruang Parkir Horse Box Trailer ....................................................... 17 2.5. Tinjauan Eco-Architecture ......................................................................... 19 2.6. Studi Banding ............................................................................................ 21 2.7. Resume Standard dan Studi Banding ........................................................ 22 BAB III TINJAUAN DATA 3.1. Tinjauan Kabupaten Semarang ................................................................. 26 3.1.1. Gambaran Umum Kab. Semarang dan Kec.Tengaran .................... 26 iv
3.1.2. Kebijakan Pemerintah Kab.Semarang terkait Kec. Tengaran ......... 27 3.2. Tinjauan Arena Pacuan Kuda Tegalwaton Eksisting.................................. 28 3.2.1. Track Pacu ...................................................................................... 31 3.2.2. Stable .............................................................................................. 32 3.3. Tinjauan Olahraga Berkuda di Jawa Tengah ............................................. 34 3.3.1. Tinjaun Olahraga pacuan Kuda ....................................................... 34 3.3.2. Tinjauan Sekolah Berkuda .............................................................. 36 BAB IV KESIMPULAN, BATASAN dan ANGGAPAN 4.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................ 37 4.2 Batasan ..................................................................................................... 37 4.3. Anggapan ................................................................................................ 37 BAB V PENDEKATAN PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR 5.1. Pendekatan Aspek Fungsional ................................................................. 38 5.1.1 Pendekatan Pelaksanaan Kegiatan ................................................. 38 5.1.2 Pendekatan Pelaku dan Kebutuhan Ruang ...................................... 39 5.1.3 Pendekatan Kapasitas ..................................................................... 43 5.1.4 Pendekatan Besaran Ruang ............................................................ 48 5.2. Pendekatan Aspek Kontekstual ................................................................. 53 5.2.1. Analisa Kondisi tapak ...................................................................... 53 5.2.2. Analisa Kondisi Non-Fisik Tapak ..................................................... 55 5.3. Pendekatan Aspek Teknis......................................................................... 55 5.3.1 Pendekatan Sistem Struktur dan Bahan Bangunan .......................... 55 5.3.2 Pendekatan Aspek Elemen Perancangan Kawasan ......................... 56 5.4. Pendekatan Aspek Kinerja ........................................................................ 57 5.4.1. Jaringan Listrik ................................................................................ 57 5.4.2. Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih ............................................................. 57 5.4.3. Sistem Drainase dan Limbah .......................................................... 57 5.4.4. Sistem Penghawaan ....................................................................... 58 5.4.5. Sistem Komunikasi .......................................................................... 58 5.4.6. Sistem Pencegah dan Pemadam Kebakaran .................................. 58 5.4.7. Sistem Penangkal Petir ................................................................... 59 5.5. Pendekatan Aspek Arsitektural .................................................................. 59 5.6. Pendekatan Persyaratan Khusus Olahraga Berkuda ................................. 60 5.6.1. Track Pacuan .................................................................................. 60 5.6.2. Arena Berkuda Indoor ..................................................................... 61 5.6.3. Stable .............................................................................................. 61 BAB VI LANDASAN PROGRAM DASAR PERENCANAAN DAN PERANCANGAN 6.1 Program Perencanaan ............................................................................... 62 6.1.1 Program Ruang ............................................................................... 62 6.1.2 Perhitungan Tapak ........................................................................... 65 6.1.3 Persyaratan dan Sifat Ruang ........................................................... 67 6.1.4 Hubungan Antar Kelompok Fasilitas ................................................ 68 6.1.5 Zonasi Kelompok Fasilitas................................................................ 68
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6.2. Program Perancangan Tapak ................................................................... 69 6.2.1 Pencapaian ...................................................................................... 69 6.2.2 Enterance ......................................................................................... 69 6.2.3 Sirkulasi ........................................................................................... 69 6.2.4. Perletakan dan Pengembangan Massa ........................................... 70 6.2.5 Lansekap ........................................................................................ 70 6.3 Perancangan Struktur ................................................................................ 72 6.4 Perancangan Aspek Kinerja ....................................................................... 72 6.4.1. Jaringan Listrik ................................................................................ 72 6.4.2. Sistem Penghantar Petir.................................................................. 72 6.4.3. Sistem Penghawaan ....................................................................... 72 6.4.4. Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih ............................................................. 72 6.4.5. Sistem Drainase dan Limbah .......................................................... 73 6.4.6. Sistem Komunikasi .......................................................................... 73 6.4.7. Sistem Pencegah dan Pemadam Kebakaran .................................. 73 6.5 Perancangan Arsitektural .......................................................................... 73 6.5.1 Penampilan Bangunan....................................................................... 73 6.5.2 Penerapan penekanan Desain Eco-Architecture................................ 74 6.6 Perancangan Persyaratan Khusus Olahraga Berkuda................................ 75 6.6.1 Track Pacuan ................................................................................... 75 6.6.2 Stable ................................................................................................ 75 Daftar Pustaka ............................................................................................................ ix Lampiran ..................................................................................................................... x
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Bagian/Fasilitas Arena Pacuan Kuda ...................................................... 8 Gambar 2.2 Susunan Tribun ....................................................................................... 9 Gambar 2.3 Covered Riding School arena ................................................................ 11 Gambar 2.4 Floor and Kickboard Section.................................................................. 12 Gambar 2.5 Outdoor Manage ................................................................................... 12 Gambar 2.6 Indoor Show Jumping ............................................................................ 12 Gambar 2.7 Lea Bridge Riding School ...................................................................... 13 Gambar 2.8 Layout Hubungan Ruang Stable ............................................................ 14 Gambar 2.9 Layout Kandang Kuda ........................................................................... 14 Gambar 2.10 Tampak dan Potongan Kandang Kuda ................................................ 14 Gambar 2.11 Dimensi Alat-alat Berkuda ................................................................... 15 Gambar 2.12 Tack Room .......................................................................................... 16 Gambar 2.13 Feed Store .......................................................................................... 17 Gambar 2.14 Horsebox Trailer Parkir........................................................................ 17 Gambar 2.15 Layout Horse Stable ............................................................................ 18 Gambar 2.16 Layout Horse Stable ............................................................................ 18 Gambar 2.17 Konsep Eco-Architecture yang Holistik ................................................ 19 Gambar 3.1 Peta Administratif kabupaten Semarang................................................ 26 Gambar 3.2 Peta Rencana struktur Ruang ............................................................... 28 Gambar 3.3 Lokasi Arena Pacuan Kuda dalam Kecamatan Tengaran...................... 29 Gambar 3.4 Siteplan Eksisting Arena Pacuan Kuda ................................................. 30 Gambar 3.5 Kondisi Track ........................................................................................ 31 Gambar 3.6 Arena Pacuan pada Pordasi Cup 2010 ................................................. 31 Gambar 3.7 Siteplan Stable ...................................................................................... 32 Gambar 3.8 Layout Stable ........................................................................................ 32 Gambar 3.9 Loose Box Tipe 1 .................................................................................. 33 Gambar 3.10 Loose Box Tipe 2 ................................................................................ 33 Gambar 3.11 Area Pembersihan Kuda ..................................................................... 33 Gambar 3.12 Lungeing Ring ..................................................................................... 33 Gambar 3.13 Tempat Tinggal Pemelihara................................................................. 33 Gambar 5.1 Grafik Jumlah Peserta Pacuan Kuda di Jateng...................................... 44 Gambar 5.2 Grafik Jumlah Pengunjung Havana Horses ........................................... 46 Gambar 5.3 Grafik Jumlah Pengunjung Havana Horses per Hari ............................. 47 Gambar 5.4 Analisa Tapak ....................................................................................... 54 Gambar 5.5 Sistem Rain Water Harvesting............................................................... 57 Gambar 5.6 Contonh Penggunaan Bambu Bentang Panjang ................................... 60 Gambar 5.7 Contoh Penggunaan Bambu Bentang Panjang ..................................... 60 Gambar 5.8 Contoh Sistem Rain Water Harvesting dengan Material Bambu ............ 60 Gambar 6.1 Perencanaan Pengembangan Tapak .................................................... 66 Gambar 6.2 Zoning Kelompok Fasilitas .................................................................... 68 Gambar 6.3 Gambaran Sirkulasi Manusia, Kendaraan dan Kuda ............................. 70 Gambar 6.4 Perencanaan Plaza ............................................................................... 71 Gambar 6.5 Bangunan panggung Material Bambu ................................................... 74 Gambar 6.6 Rain water Harvesting ........................................................................... 74 Gambar 6.7 Perletakan Stable .................................................................................. 75
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Luasan dan Tinggi Kandang Kuda ............................................................ 14 Tabel 2.2 Luasan Ruang Penyimpanan Rumput dan Jerami..................................... 16 Tabel 3.1 Gambaran Umum Kab.Semarang dan Kec.Tengaran ............................... 26 Tabel 3.2 Peraturan Bangunan Wilayah Kecamatan Tengaran ................................. 27 Tabel 3.4 Arena Pacuan Kuda di Jawa Tengah ........................................................ 34 Tabel 3.5 Event Pacuan Kuda di Jawa Tengah ......................................................... 35 Tabel 3.6 Riding School di Jawa Tengah .................................................................. 36 Tabel 5.1 Pendekatan Pelaku,Aktivitas dan Kebutuhan Ruang dan Sirkulasi............ 39 Tabel 5.2 Event Pacuan Kuda di Jateng ................................................................... 44 Tabel 5.3 Studi Banding Kapasitas Penonton ........................................................... 45 Tabel 5.4 Studi Banding Penjualan Tiket VIP Room Pulomas ................................... 45 Tabel 5.5 Jumlah Rata-rata peserta Didik Riding School di Jateng ........................... 45 Tabel 5.6 Presentase Sirkuasi ................................................................................. 48 Tabel 5.7 Jenis Bambu untuk Bangunan ................................................................... 56 Tabel 6.1 Rekapitulasi Program Ruang .................................................................... 65
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