IPv6 1 MUHAMMAD ZEN SAMSONO HADI, ST. MSC.
JARINGAN KOMPUTER 2 LAB. KOMUNIKASI DIGITAL GEDUNG D4 LT. 1 EEPIS-ITS
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IPv6 Strengths 3
Larger g Addresses Allows billions of devices to be interconnected for example….. The Sony IP video camera*
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Techniques to reduce address shortage in IPv4 5
Subnetting Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR) Network Address Translation (NAT)
Features of IPv6 6
Larger Address Space Aggregation-based address hierarchy
– Efficient backbone routing Efficient and Extensible IP datagram Stateless Address Autoconfiguration Security (IPsec mandatory) Mobility
Header comparison 15 16
0 vers
hlen
TOS
identification 20 bytes
TTL
31 total length
flags
protocol
flag-offset flag offset
header checksum
source address destination dest at o add address ess
• total length => payload • protocol => next header • TTL => hop limit
IPv4 traffic class
payload length 40 bytes
flow-label next header
• ID, ID flags flags, flag offset • TOS, hlen • header checksum
Ch Changed d (3) ( )
options and padding
vers
Removed (6)
hop limit
source address
Added (2) • traffic class • flow label
Expanded
destination address
• address dd 32 to 128 8 bi bits
IPv6 7
Major Improvements of IPv6 Header 8
No option field: Replaced by extension header.
Result in a fixed length, 40-byte IP header. No header checksum: Result in fast processing. p g No fragmentation at intermediate nodes: Result in fast IP forwarding.
Addressing 9
Larger Address Space 10
128--bit IPv6 128 IP 6 Address Add 3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234
8 ggroups p of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated p byy “:” Leading zeros can be removed 3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234 :: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers
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Some Special-Purpose Unicast Addresses 12
The unspecified address, used as a placeholder when no
address is available: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 The loopback address, for sending packets to self:
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
Yang menarik dari IPv6 adalah penjang alamat sebesar 128 bit. Notasi alamat IPv6 ditulis dalam hexadesimal yang dipisahkan dengan karakter ”:”. Contohnya sebagai berikut: • 3ffe:0501:008:1234:0260:97ff:fe40:efab • ff02:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 Angka nol didepan dapat diabaikan sehingga penulisan menjadi: • 3ffe:501:8:1234:260:97ff:fe40:efab • fe02:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 Angka nol yang berurutan dapat digantikan dengan karakter ”::”, sehingga penulisan menjadi: • fe02::1
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Alamat IPv6 y yang g mempunyai p y p panjang j g 128 bit dalam
hexadesimal tentunya sulit dihafalkan karena itu alamat numerik jarang digunakan, lebih mudah menggunakan hostname, untuk itu DNS memegang peranan penting.
Alamat IPv6 sendiri terbagi atas beberapa macam, berdasarkan
RFC 3513 : • Unspecified dengan notasi ::/128 • Loopback dengan notasi ::1/128 • Multicast dengan notasi ff00::/8 • Link Li k llocall unicast i t dengan d notasi t i FE80::/8 FE80 /8 • Site local unicast dengan notasi FEC0::/8 • Global unicast
Alamat yang akan digunakan untuk berkomunikasi dengan internet adalah alamat global unicast. Pembagian alokasi alamat global berdasarkan registrar (RFC 2928) adalah: • IANA 2001:000::/29 sampai 2001:01F8::/29 • APNIC 2001:200::/29 sampai 2001:03F8::/29 • ARIN 2001:400::/29 sampai 2001:05F8::/29 • RIPE NCC 2001:600::/29 sampai 2001:06F8::/29
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Address Allocation 20
/23 2001
0410
/32
/48
/64 Interface ID
Registry ISP prefix Site prefix Subnet p prefix The allocation process was recently updated by the registries:
IANA allocates from 2001::/16 to regional registries Each regional registry allocation is a ::/23 ISP allocations from the regional registry is a ::/36 (immediate allocation) or ::/32 (initial allocation) or shorter with justification Policy expectation that an ISP allocates a ::/48 prefix to each customer
IPv6 - Addressing Model 21
Addresses are assigned to interfaces change from IPv4 model :
Interface 'expected' to have multiple addresses Addresses have scope Link Local Site Local
Global
Global
Addresses have lifetime Valid and Preferred lifetime
Site-Local
Link-Local
Types of IPv6 Addresses 22
Unicast
Multicast
One address on a single interface Delivery to single interface
Address of a set of interfaces Delivery to all interfaces in the set
A Anycast t
Address of a set of interfaces Delivery to a single interface in the set
No broadcast addresses
Interface Address set 23
Loopback (only assigned to a single interface per node) Li k local Link l l (required on all interfaces) Site local Auto-configured 6to4 (if IPv4 public is address available) Auto-configured f d IPv4 compatible bl (operationally discouraged) Solicited node Multicast (required for neighbor discovery) All node multicast Global anonymous Global published
Alokasi Prefix 24
P fi Prefix
Al k i Alokasi
RFC
2001::/16
Sub-TLA assignments: APNIC 2001:0200::/23 ARIN 2001:0400::/23 RIPE NCC 2001:0600::/23 RIPE NCC 2001:0800::/23 RIPE NCC 2001:0A00::/23 APNIC 2001:0C00::/23 LACNIC 2001:1200::/23
RFC 2450
2002::/16
6to4
RFC 3056
3FFE::/16
6bone testing
RFC 2471
Ekuivalensi IPv4 Address dan IPv6 Address 25
Ekuivalensi IPv4 Address dan IPv6 Address 26
IPv4 4 Address
IPv6 Address
Kelas-kelas address internet
Tidak ada
Alamat broadcast
Tidak ada (digantikan multicast)
Unspecified address 0.0.0.0
Unspecified address ::
Loopback address 127.0.0.1
Loopback address ::1
Public IP address
Global unicast address
IP address Private (10.0.0.0/8, 172 16 0 0/12 192.168.0.0/16) 172.16.0.0/12, 192 168 0 0/16)
Address Site-Local (FEC0::/10)
Address Autoconfigure (169.254.0.0/16)
Address Link-Local (FE80::/64)
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