12 IMBUHAN DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS 1. Untuk membentuk kata benda yang menunjukkan perbuatan (verbal noun): -age assemble/assemblage -al deny/denial -ance resist/resistance; insure/insurance -ing give/giving -ation provoke/provocation -ion connect/connection; separate/separation -ition oppose/opposition -ment endow/endowment; enlighten/enlightenment -(e)ry mock/mockery -ure fail/failure; mix/mixture -( ) scorn (v)/scorn; slap (v)/slap; hit (v)/hit 2. Untuk membentuk kata benda yang menunjukkan sifat/keadaan/tempat: -ance abundant/abundance -ence persistent/persistence -cy constant/constancy -dom wise/wisdom -ism ideal/idealism -ity continuous/continuity; real/reality -ness good/goodness; kind/kindness (hampir semua kata sifat dapat dibendakan dengan akhiran -ness) -ory conservation/conservatory -( ) curve (v)/curve (n); blemish (v)/blemish (n) 3. Untuk membentuk kata benda yang menunjukkan pelaku/alat, atau penderita: -er teach/teacher; rule/ruler -ist cycle/cyclist; special/specialist -or operate/operator; escalate/escalator -ee examine/ecaminee; train/trainee 4. Untuk membentuk kata benda dari kata benda (untuk menyatakan keadaan/daerah/sistim): -dom king/kingdom -ful spoon/spoonful; mouth/mouthful -head God/Godhead -hood brother/brotherhood -let book/booklet (akhiran pemerkecil) -ry treasure/treasury -ship scholar/scholarship; relation/relationship; professor/professorship 5. Untuk menurunkan kata sifat dari kata-benda/kata-kerja/kata-sifat: -able accept/acceptabe -al idea/ideal; continue/continual -an Indonesia/Indonesian -ant abound/abundant -ed curse/cursed
-en -ent -ern -fold -ful -ian -ible -ic -ical -ing -ish -ive -less -like -ly
gold/golden; wood/wooden consist/consistent; persist/persistent west/western two/twofold beauty/beautiful; success/successful Arab/Arabian permit/permissible method/methodic method/methodical amuse/amusing child/childish; blue/blueish prevent/preventive mercy/merciless business/businesslike; gentleman/gentlemanlike coward/cowardly; gentleman/gentlemanly
-ory/atory -ous -some -th -ward -y
introduction/introductory; compulsion/compulsory; obligation/obligatory continue/continuous; danger/dangerous trouble/troublesome; irk/irksome four/fourth back/backward gloom/gloomy; mist/misty; cloud/cloudy
6. Untuk membentuk kata kerja dari kata sifat/benda: -en stiff(a)/stiffen; light (a/n)/lighten; height (n)/heighten -(i)fy simple/simplify; ample/amplify -ize,-ise modern/modernize; civil/civilize 7. Untuk membentuk kata keterangan (adverb): -ly slow/slowly -ward back/backward; rear/rearward -way(s) side/sideway(s) -wise other/otherwise; contrary/contrariwise; clock; clockwise; side/sidewise 8. Untuk membetuk kata yang merupakan lawan (berlawanan) terhadap kata dasarnya: a(b)normal/abnormal anticlimax/anticlimax disobey/disobey; agree/disagree im-,in-, possible/impossible; valuable/invaluable; il-,irlogical/illogical; responsible/irresponsible unusual/unusual; faithful/unfaithful 9. Untuk menunjukkan perulangan perbuatan dalam kata kerja: rewrite/rewrite; gain/regain
Untuk menunjukkan gerak ke muka, mendahului, melebihi, dsb: propose/propose prejudge/prejudge; dominate/predominate; suppose/presuppose Untuk menunjukkan gerak ke dalam: im-, inprint/imprint; press/impress; stall/install; (clude)/include Untuk menunjukkan gerak ke luar (gerak dari): excommunicate/excommunicate; change/exchange; (clude)/exclude Untuk menunjukkan gerak melintas (melalui): transform/transform; atlantic/transatlantic; fix/transfix; migrate/transmigrate Untuk menunjukkan perbuatan melawan (membalas): counter- act/counteract; attact/counterattact Untuk menunjukkan gerak antara, saling: interchange/interchange; action/interaction
14 LATIHAN DICTIONARY WORK Carilah semua kata yang mempunyai akar makna yang sama dengan kata yang tersedia berserta artinya dalam bahasa Indonesia. Tuliskan ditempat yang tersedia. 1. health
= ___________________
4. variety
= ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
2. politics
= ___________________
5. social
= ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
3. government
= ___________________
6. universe
= ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________
____________ = ___________________