DAFTAR PUSTAKA
AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Information on Amphibian Biology and Conservation. http://amphibiaweb.org/. Diakses tanggal 21 Juni 2015. Avise, J. C. 1994. Molecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution. Chapman and Hall. New York. Boore, J. L. 1999. Animal Mitochondrial Genomes. Nucleic Acids Reseacrh. 27(8): 1767-1780. Bossuyt, F., Meegaskumbura, M., Beenaerts, N., Gower, D. J., Pethiyagoda, R., Roelants, K., Mannaert, A., Wilkinson, M., Bahir, M. M., ManamendraArachchi, K., Ng, P. K. L., Schneider, C. J., Oommen, O. V. and Milinkovitch M. C. 2004. Local endemism within the western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. Science. 306:479-481. Bradley, R. D. dan R. J. Baker. 2001. A test of The Genetic Species Concept: Cytochrome-b Sequences and Mammals. Journal of Mammalogy. 82(4): 960973. Campbell, N. A. dan J. B. Reece. 2002. Biologi Edisi Kelima Jilid 1. Erlangga. Jakarta. Campbell, N. A., J. B. Reece dan L. G. Mithcell. 2003. Biologi Edisi Kelima Jilid 2. Erlangga. Jakarta. Castresana, J. 2001. Cytochrome b Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Great Apes and Mammals. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18 (4): 465–471. Escalante, A.A., E.E. Freeland, E.W. Collins dan A.A. Lal. 1998. The Evolution of Primate Malaria Parasites Based on The Gene Encoding Cytochrome b From The Linear Mitochondrial Genome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95: 8124– 8129. Esposti M. D., S. De Vries, M. Crimi, A. Ghelli, T. Patarnello dan A. Meyer. 1993. Mitochondrial Cytochrome b: Evolution and Structure of The Protein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1143: 243–271. Evans, B. J., R. M. Brown, J. A. McGuire, J. Supriatna, N. Andayani, A. Diesmos, D. Iskandar, D. J. Melnick danD. C. Cannatella. 2003. Phylogenetics of Fanged Frogs: Testing Biogeographical Hypotheses at The Interface of The Asian and Australian Faunal Zones. Syst. Biol. 52(6): 794-819.
70
Feller, A. E, dan B. Hedges. 1998. Molecular Evidence For The Early History of Living Amphibians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 9(3): 509-516. Ford, L. S., dan D. C. Cannatella. 1993. The Major Clades Of Frogs. Herpetological Monographs. 7: 94-117. Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., De Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M., Wheeler, W.C., 2006. The Amphibian Tree of Life. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 297: 1–370. Frost, Darrel R. 2013. Amphibian Species of The World: An Online Reference. Version 5.6. Electronic Database accessible. http://research.amnh.org /herpetology/amphibia/index.html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Diakses tanggal 16 Januari 2014. Frost, Darrel R. 2015. Amphibian Species of The World: An Online Reference. Version 5.6. Electronic Database accessible. http://research.amnh.org /herpetology/amphibia/index.html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Diakses tanggal 21 Juni 2015. Goin, C. J., O. B. Goin dan G. R. Zug, 1978. Introduction to Herpetology Third Edition. W. H. Freeman and Comapny. San Franciso. Göltenboth, F., K. H. Timotius, P. P. Milan dan J. Margraf. 2006. Ecology of Insular Southeast Asia The Indonesian Archipelago. Elsevier. Netherland. Gray, M. W. 1992. Endosymbiont Hypothesis. In: Mitochondrial Genomes. Ed.: D. R. Wolstenholme dan K. W. Jeon. 233-358. Academic Press. New York. Grosjean, S., M. Delorme, A. Dubois dan A. Ohler. 2008. Evolution of Reproduction in The Rhacophoridae (Amphibia, Anura). J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 46(2): 169-176. Gusman, D. 2003. Morfometri Spesises Katak dari Famili Bufonidae dan Ranidae di Sumatra Barat. Sripsi Sarjana Biologi. Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Andalas. Padang Hall, T. A. 1999. BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment aditor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acid Symposium Series. 41: 95-98. Hall, R. 2001. Cenozoic Reconstructions of SE and The SW Pacific : Changing Patterns of land and Sea. In Metcalfe, I., J. M. B Smith, M. Morwood, and I.
71
D. Davidson. Faunal and Floral Migration and Evolution in SE AsiaAustralia. 35-56. Hall, B. G., 2013. Building Phylogenetic Trees from Molecular Data with MEGA. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30(5): 1129-1235. Harrison, T., J. Krigbaum dan J. Manser. 2006. Primate Biogeography and Ecplogy on The Sunda Shelf Island: A Paleontological and Zooarchaeological Perspective. In: Primate Biogeography. Ed.: S. M. Lehman dan J. G. Fleagle. 331-372. Springer. Hariyadi, B., Harlis, Muswita, M. Aina dan A. Sadikin. 2011. Pelatihan Penggunaan GenBank NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) dan Program MEGA (Moleculer Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) 4.0 Untuk Penelitian dan Peningkatan Pembelajaran Biologi di Sekolah dan Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat. 52: 55-60. Hay, J. M., I. Ruvinsky, S. B. Hedges dan L. R. Maxson. 1995. Phylogenetic Relationship of Amphibian Families Infrred from DNA Sequences of Mitochondrial 12S and 16Sribosome RNA Genes. Mol.Biol. Evol. 12(5): 928937. Hennig, W. 1999. Phylogenetic Systematics. The Board of Trustees of the University. USA. Hertwig, S. T., I. Das, M. Schweizer, R. Brown dan A. Haas. 2012. Phylogenetic Relationship of Rhacophorus everetti-group and Implication for The Evolution of Reproductive Modes in Philautus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae). Zoologica Scripta. 41: 29-46. Hidayat, T. dan A. Pancoro. 2012. Sistematika dan Filogenetik Molekuler. http://file.upi.edu/Direktori/FPMIPA/JUR._PEND._BIOLOGI/19700410199 7021-TOPIK_HIDAYAT/Makalah_Filogenetik_Molekuler.pdf. Diakses tanggal 6 Maret 2014. Hoegg, S. M. Vences, H. Brinkmann dan A. Meyer. 2004. Phylogeny and Comparative Substitution Rates of Frogs Inferred from Sequences or Three Genes. Mol.Biol. Evol. 21(7): 1188-1200. Huggett, R. J. 2004. Fundamentals of Biogeography Second Edition. Routledge. London dan New York. Igawa, T., A. Kurabayshi, M. Nishioka dan M. Sumida. 2006. Molecular Phylogenetic Relationship of Toad Distributed in The Far East and Europe
72
Inferred From The Nucleotide Sequences of Mitochondrial DNA Genes. Mol.Biol. Evol. 38: 250-260. Inger, R. F. 1999. Distribution of Amphibians in Southern Asia and Adjacent Island. In: Pattern of Distribution of Amphibians: A Global Perspective. Ed.: W. E. Duellman.445 - 482. The John Hopkins University Pers. Inger, R. F. dan R. B. Stuebing, 2005. A Field Guide To The Frogs Of Borneo (Second Edition). Natural History Publications. Kinabalu. Inger, R. F. dan D. T. Iskandar. 2005. A Collection of Amphibians From West Sumatra, with Description of A New Species of Megophrys (Amphibia: Anura). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 53(1): 133-142. Inger, R. F. Dan H. K. Voris. The biogeographical Relation of The Frogs and Snakes of Sundaland. Journal of Biogeography. 28: 863-891. Iskandar, D.T. 1998. Amfibi Jawa dan Bali. Puslitbang Biologi LIPI, Bogor. IUCN.
2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2013.
Jamsari. 2007. Bioteknologi Pemula: Prinsip Dasar dan Aplikasi Analisis Molekuler. UNRI Press. Riau. Johns, G. C. Dan J. C. Avise. 1998. A Comparative Summary of Genetic Distances in The Vertebrates From the Mitochondrial Cytocrhome b Gene. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15(1): 1481-1490. Kartavtsev, Y. P. dan J. S. Lee. 2006. Analysis Nucleotide Diversity at The Cytochrome b and Cytochrome Oxidase I Genes at Population, Species and Genus Levels. Russian Journal of Genetic. 42: 341-362. Kuraishi, N., M. Matsui dan H. Ota., 2009. Estimatian of Origin of Polypedates leucomystax (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) Introduces to Ryuku Archipelago, Japan. Pasific Science. 63(3): 317-325. Kuraishi, N., M. Matsui, A. Hamidy, D. M. Belabut, N. Ahmad, S. Panha, A. Sudin, H.S. Yong, J.-J. Jiang, H. Ota, H. T. Thong dan K. Nishikawa. 2012. Phylogenetics and Taxonomic Relationship of The Polypedates leucomystax complex (Amphibia). Zoologica Scripta. 1-17. Kurniawan, N., M. M. Islam, T. H. Djong, T. Igawa, M. B. Daicus, H.-s. Yong, R. Wanichanon, Md. M. R. Khan, D. T. Iskandar, M. Nishioka dan M. Sumida. 2010. Genetics Divergence and Evlutionary Relationship in Fejervarya
73
cancrivora From Indonesia and other Asian Countries Infereed From Allozyme and MtDNA Sequence Analyses. Zoological Science. 27: 222-233. Ladoukakis, E. D. dan E. Zouroz. 2001. Direct Evidence for Homologous Recombination in Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Mitochondrial DNA. Mol. Bio. Evol. 18(7): 1168-1175. Lemire, B. 2005. Mitochondrial genetics. WormBook, ed. The C. elegans Research Community,WormBook,doi/10.1895/wormbook.1.25.1.http://www.wormboo k.org. Diakses tanggal 6 Maret 2014. Li, J.-t., J. Che, R. H. Bain, E.-m. Zhao dan Y.-p. Zhang. 2008. Molecular Phylogeny of Rhacophoridae (Anura): A Framework of Taxonomic Reassignment of Species Within The Genera Aquixalus, Chiromantis, Rhacophorus and Philautus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 48: 302-312. Li, J.-t., Y. Li, S. Kalus, D.–q. Rao, D. M. Hillis dan Y.–p. Zhang. 2013. Diversification of Rhacophorid Frogs Provides Evidence for Accelerated Faunal Exchange Between India and Eurasia during Oligocene. PNAS. 110(9): 3441-3446. Lin, Lin, H.-D., Chen, Y.-R. dan Lin, S.-M, 2012. Strict Concistency Between Genetic and Topographic Landscapes of The Brown Tree Frogs (Buergeria robusta) in Taiwan. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 62(1): 251-252. Lominolo, M. K. 2000. Island Biogeografi special Issue: A call for a new paradigm of island biogeography. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 9: 1-6. Malkmus, R., U. Manthey, G. Vogel dan P. Hoffmann, 2002. Amphibians and Reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. Jerman. Marks, D. B., A. D. Marks dan C. M. Smith. 1996. Biokimia Kedokteran Dasar: Sebuah Pendekatan Klinis (ed): J. Suyono, V. Sadikin dan L. I. Mandera. EGC. Jakarta. Matsui, M., A, Hamidy dan N. Kuraishi. 2014. A New Species of Polypedates from Sumatra, Indonesia (Amphibia: Anura). Species Diversity. 19:1-7. McGilvery, R. W. Dan G. W. Goldstein. 1996. Biokimia: Suatu Pendekatan Fungsional Edisi Ketiga. Airlangga University Press. Surabaya. Megaskumbara, M., S. Megaskumbara, G. Bowatte, K. Manamendra-Arachchi, R. Pethiyagoda, J. Hanken dan C. J. Schneider. 2010. Taruga (Anura:
74
Rhacophoridae), A New Genus of Foam-Nesting Tree Frogs Endemic to Sri Lanka. Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.). 39(2): 75-94. Mistar. 2003. Panduan Lapangan Amfibi Kawasan Ekosistem Leuser. PILI- NGO Movenent. Bogor. Mulyani, Y., A. Purwanto dan I. Nurruhwati. 2011. Beberapa Perbandingan Metode Isolasi DNA Untuk Deteksi Dini KOI Herpes Virus (KHV) Pada Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L.). Jurnal Akuatika. Vol 2 (1): 1-16. Novarino, W., Kobayashi, A. Salsabila dan M. N. Janra, 2008. Panduan Lapangan Pencincinan Burung di Sumatera. Perpustakaan Nasional. Jakarta. Onn, C,K., 2014. Rhacophorus pardalis In: Ampbihians and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia. http://Amphibia.my. diakses tanggal 16 Januari 2014. Roček,
Z. dan J.-C. Rage, 2000. Proanuran Stages (Triasobatrachus, Czatkobatrachus). In: Amphibian Biology Volume 4 Paleontology The Evolutionary History of Amphibian. Ed.: H. Heatwole dan R. L. Carrol.1283– 1294. Surry Beatty and Sons.
Roger, A. J., M. Kolisko dan A. G. B. Simpson. 2012. Phylogenomic Analysis: Assesing Statistical Significance. In: Evolution of Virulence in Eukaryotic Microbes. Ed.: L. D. Sibley, B. J. Howlerr dan J. Heitman. Wiley-Blackwell. Saito, N. dan T. Imanishi. 1989. Relative Efficients of the Fitch-Magoliash, Maximum-Parsimony, Maximum-Likehood, Minimum-Evolution and Neighbor-Joining Methods of Phylogenetic Tree Construction in Obtaining The Correct Tree. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6(5): 514-525. Sano, N., A. Kurabayashi, T. Fujii, H. Yonekawa dan M. Sumida. 2004. Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Gene Rearrangement of The Mitochondrial genome of The Bell-ring Frog, Buergeria buergerii (famili Rhacophoridae). Genes. Genet. Syst. 79: 151-163. Sano, N., A. Kurabayashi, T. Fujii, H. Yonekawa dan M. Sumida. 2005. Complete Nucleotide Sequence of The Mitochondrial Genome of Schlegel’s Tree Frog Rhacophorus schlegelii (Famili Rhacophoridae): Duplicated Control Regions and Gene Rearrangements. Genes Genet. Syst. 80: 213-224. Samuel, M. A., N. A. Harbury, A. Bakri, F. T. Banner dan L. Hartono. 1997. A new stratigraphy for the island of the Sumateran Forearc, Indonesia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 15: 339-380. Stansfield, W., R. Cano dan J. Colomé. 2006. Schaum’s Easy Outlines: Biologi Molekuler dan Sel. Erlangga. Jakarta.
75
Stuart, S.N., Hoffmann, M., Chanson, J.S., Cox, N.A., Berridge, R.J., Ramani, P., and Young, B.E. (eds.). 2008. Threatened Amphibians of the World. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain; IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; and Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Suhardjono, Y.R. 1999. Buku Pegangan Pengelolaan Koleksi Spesimen Zoologi. Puslitbang Biologi LIPI. CV. Riza Graha Jaya. Bogor. Sumida, M., M. Ogata, H. Kaneda dan H. Yonekawa. 1998. Evolutionar Relationship among Japanese Pond Frogs Inferres from Mitochondriak DNA Sequences of Cytochrome b and 12S Ribosomal RNA genes. Genes Genet. Syst. 73: 121133. Tamura, K., D. Peterson, N. Peterson, G. Stecher, M. Nei dan S. Kumar. 2011. MEGA5: Molecular Evilutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likehood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximun Parsimony Methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28(10): 2731-2739. Thompson, J. D., T. J. Gibson, F. Plewniak, F. Jeanmougin, D. G. Higgins. 1997. The Clustal X Windows Interface: Flexible Strategies for Multiple Sequence Alignment Aided by Quality Analysis Tools. Nucleid Acids Research. 24: 4876-4882. Tegelström, H. 1992. Detection of mitochondrial DNA fragments. In: Molecular Genetic Analysis of Populations A Practical Approach. Ed.: A. R. Hoelzel. 89-111. Oxford University Press. Telematika Elektronik Biro Humas Setda Prov. Sumbar. 2013. Letak Geografis Sumatera Barat. http://www.sumbarprov.go.id/read/99/12/14/59/233mengenal sumbar/geografis/371-letak-geografis.html. Diakses tanggal 1 Oktober 2013. Tjandra, L. 2012. Analisis Filogenetik Bufo melanostictus, Schneider, 1799 dan Bufo asper, Gravenhorst, 1829 (Bufonidae) Sumatera Barat dan Kawasan Asia dengan Gen 16S rRNA dan Sitokrom b. Tesis Program Pascasarjana. Universitas Andalas. Padang. Tjong, D. H. 2003. Hubungan Filogenetik Beberapa Spesies Limnonectes (Ranidae: Amphibia) yang Terdapat di Sumatera Barat Didasarkan atas Gen 16S Ribosomal RNA. Tesis Magister. Bidang Khusus Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler. Program Studi Biologi. Program Pasca Sarjana. Institut Teknologi Bandung.
76
Tjong, D. H., M. Matseu, M. Kuramoto, D. M. Belabut, Y. H. Sen, M.Nishioka and M. Sumida. 2007. Morphological Divergence, Reproductive Isolating Mechanism and Moleculer Phylogenetic Relationship, Among Indonesia, Malaysia, and Japan Populations of the Fejervaria limnocharis Complex (Anura, Ranidae). Zoological Science. 24: 1197-1212. Tjong, D. H. Dan D. T. Iskandar. 2009. Makalah Hasil Penelitian Fundamental: Diversitas Genetik Limnonectes blythii kompleks yang Terdapat di Sumatra Barat Didasarkan pada Gen Sitokrom b (Cyt b). Jurusan Biologi. FMIPA. Universitas Andalas. Padang. Van Kampen, P. N. 1923. The Amphibia of the Indo-Australian Archipilago. E. J. Brill, Ltd. Leidin. Van Meijden, D., A., M. Vences, S. Hoegg and A. Meyer. 2005. A Previously Unrecognized Radiation of Ranid Frogs in Southern Africa Revealed by Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37: 674–685. Vences, M. Dan F. Glaw. 2001. When Molecules Claim for Taxonomis Change: New Proposal on The Classification Of World Treefrogs. Spixiana. 24(1): 8592. Vences, M., J. Kosuch, F. Glaw, W. Böhme dan M. Veith. 2003a. Molecular Phylogeny of Hyperoliid Treefrogs: Biogeographic origin of Malagasy and Seychellean Taxa and Re-analyses of Familial Paraphyly. J. Zool. Syst. Ecol. Research. 41: 205-215. Vences, M., D. R. Vietes, F. Glaw, H. Brinkmann, J. Kosuch, M. Veith dan A. Meyer. 2003b. Multiple Overseas Dispersal in Amphibians. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 270: 2435-2442. Wallace, D. C. 1999. Mitochondrial Diseases in Man and Mouse. Science. 283: 1482-1488. Wati, M. 2012. Studi Fenetik Rana nicobariensis Stoliczka, 1870 (Ranidae) di Pulau Siberut dan Daertah Dataran Rendah Sumater Barat. Tesis Program Pascasarjana. Universitas Andalas. Padang. Whitten, T., S. J. Damanik, J. Anwar dan N. Hisyam. 1997. The Ecology Of Indonesia Series Volume I The Ecology of Sumatera. Periplus Editions. Singapura.
77
Wiley, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetic: Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics. Wiley-Liss. Canada. Wiley, E. O. Dan B. S. Lieberman. 2011. Phylogenetic: Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics. Wiley-Blackwell. Canada. Wilkinson, J. A., R. C. Drewes, and O. L. Tatum. 2002. A Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the Family Rhacophoridae with an Emphasis on The Asian and African Genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 24: 265–273. Wolstenholme, D. R. 1992. Animal Mitochondrial DNA: Structure and Evolution. In: Mitochondrial Genomes. Ed.: D. R. Wolstenholme dan K. W. Jeon. 173-216. Academic Press. New York. Yu, G., D. Rao, M. Zhang dan J. Yang. 2009. Re-examination of The Phylogeny of Rhacophoridae (Anura) Based on Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 50: 571-579. Yuwono, T. 1998. Biologi Molekuler. Erlangga. Jakarta Zhang, P., H. Zhou, D. Liang, Y.-f. Liu, Y.-q. Chen dan L.-h. Qu. 2005. The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of A Tree Frog, Polypedates megacephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae), and A Novel Gene Organization in Living Amphibians. Gene. 346: 133-143. Zug, G. R. 1993. Herpetology An Introduction Biology of amphibians and Reptiles. Academic Press. San Diego. Zug, G. R. 2013. Reptiles and Amphibians of The Pacific Island: A Comphrehensive Guides. The University of California. London.
