Ber-e-learning secara praktis ESFINDO

Ber-e-learning learning secara praktis dengan ESFINDO

Oleh

Heru Suhartanto, Dina Cahyati, Harry B Santoso, Kasiyah M. Yunus, Lia Sadita, Siti Aminah

Fakultas Ilmu Komputer UI, 2010 ISBN: 978-979-1421-06-5

ESFINDO : E-School School for Indonesia

http://esfindo.cs.ui.ac.id

KATA PENGANTAR PENULIS Perkembangan teknologi informasi membawa perubahan besar pada berbagai segmen kehidupan masyarakat, tidak terkecuali pada bidang pendidikan yakni dengan adanya pembelajaran yang difasilitasi dan didukung oleh penggunaan teknologi teknologi informasi yang dikenal dengan istilah e-learning e (Martin Jenkins dan Janet Hanson). E-learning learning memungkinkan pembelajar untuk belajar melalui komputer dan internet tanpa harus meninggalkan tempat mereka berada. E-Learning Learning bukan hanya sekedar proses mengunduh materi yang sudah disediakan di internet, tetapi harus memberikan sebuah lingkungan untuk melakukan proses pembelajaran seperti halnya pembelajaran melalui kelas konvensional (tatap muka). Berikut adalah beberapa berapa hal yang menyebabkan perlunya diterapkannya e-learning e learning, •

Tingkat partisipasi mengikuti pendidikan yang relatif rendah, yaitu sekitar 17% untuk pendidikan tinggi.

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Berdasarkan Human Development Index, Index, kualitas manusia Indonesia menurun, men yaitu peringkat 108 dari 170.

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Penyebaran infrastruktur teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang tidak merata, ditandai oleh akses internet sekitar 20 juta dan penetrasi komputer personal sebesar 6 juta yang sebagian besar berada di pulau Jawa.

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Penyebaran aran Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) pendidik berkualitas yang tidak merata, yaitu 60 % pendidik bergelar S2, S3 berada di pulau Jawa.

Aplikasi e-learning di Indonesia juga didukung dengan pengembangan infrastruktur Jaringan Pendidikan Nasional ional (Jardiknas) yang merupakan Virtual Private Network (VPN) yang menghubungkan semua kantor Dinas Pendidikan Nasional (Diknas) tingkat provinsi dan kabupaten, sekolah dan Perguruan Tinggi seluruh Indonesia. Tujuan Jardiknas adalah untuk memfasilitasi dan mengoptimalkan aliran data dan informasi serta pembelajaran (learning resources) di antara lembaga-lembaga lembaga lembaga pendidikan Khusus untuk perguruan Tinggi, hampir 200 perguruan tinggi sudah terhubung jaringan berpita lebar (broadband). ( Sementara untuk tingkatt sekolah, pemanfaatan jaringan ini belum optimum dalam mendukung proses pembelajaran.

Gratis, Versi 1.0, ISBN 978-979 979-1421-06-5

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Melihat peluang pemanfaatan EE-learning yang sangat luas di Indonesia, beberapa perguruan tinggi antara lain Universitas Indonesia terutama Laboratorium Laboratorium Distance Learning and Digital Library Fasilkom UI telah melakukan kajian dan implementasi E-learning. E Kegiatan ini antara lain: •

Pengembangan SCELE (Student Centered E-Learning Learning Environtment) – suatu Learning Management System (LMS (LMS)) berbasis Open Source di UI, sudah diimplementasikan di seluruh Fakultas. Kegiatan ini merupakan output dari program PHK Hibah B [Hasibuan et al, 2005], [Fasilkom, 2006]

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Dari hasil pengembangan SCELE tersebut dilanjutkan dengan

penyelenggaraan penyeleng e-Learning

sebagai Layanan Internal dan Eksternal di Level Fakultas [Hasibuan et al, 2007] •

Pengembangan Learning Object Recommender for Personalized Learning [Hasibuan et al, 2007]

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Studi Evolusi Pengembangan Konten pada Student Centered EE-Learning Environment [Anggiearanidipta and Harry B. Santoso, 2008]

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Pemodelan Learning Object Recommender berdasarkan Prior Knowledge dalam Student Centered E-Learning Learning Environment [HB Santoso et al, 2008]

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Pengembangan engembangan Portal Esfindo, Esfindo suatu LMS berbasis Open Source untuk tingkat sekolah. Portal ini merupakan ouput dari kegiatan PHKI 2008, [ Suhartanto, et al, 2009]

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Studi awal dampak pemakaian EE-learning menghasilkan analisis yang dituangkan dalam makalah [Suhartanto et al, 2008]. ]. Makalah dalam versi Bahasa Inggris telah diterima untuk terbit di Asian Journal of Information Technology [Suhartanto et al, 2010]

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Release Esfindo dilakukan pada 19 April 2009. Portal menyediakan layanan gratis pemanfaatan sistem e-learning untuk sekolah Indonesia. Ini dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan workshop dan pelatihan E-learning untuk guru TIK SMA Se JADETABEK plus. Kegiatan ini merupakan program P2M, hibah kompetensi UI tahun 2009.

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Studi IndoEdu-Grid, Grid, suatu studi tentang topologi E-learning E berbasis Grid di Indonesia. Studi ini mendesain bentuk-bentuk bentuk topologi yang diperkirakan cocok untuk implementasi sistem ee learning di seluruh Indonesia. Tiga desain desain topologi dianjurkan termasuk dampak kinerja sistem berdasarkan simulasi [Bahar and Suhartanto, 2010]

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Survei kualitas situs pembelajaran on on-line line sekolah Indonesia [Suhartanto 2010]. Survei ini bertujuan untuk melihat kondisi nyata bagaimana sekolah Indonesia Indonesia memanfaatkan fasilitas internet yang telah ada. Walau ada program internet masuk ke lebih 7000 sekolah, tapi hasil


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survei menunjukkan


sangat minimnya kuantitas dan kualitas situs pembelajaran sekolah

Indonesia.

Atas dasar pengalaman dalam kegiatan ini, penulis menuangkan intisari pengalaman tersebut dalam bentuk buku dengan tema “Ber-e-learning “Ber secara praktis dengan ESFINDO”. Praktis karena guru, siswa dan sekolah hanya membutuhkan sambungan internet dan tak perlu memiliki memiliki-merawat server dan aplikasi e-learning. learning. Tujuan lainnya adalah untuk memperkaya wawasan para guru dan siswa karena berdasarkan pengamatan penulis, belum banyak situs atau portal dan buku yang membahas pemanfaatan teknologi informasi sebagai pendukung proses pembelajaran. Buku ini terdiri dari enam bab, dengan susunan sebagai berikut: •

Bab I yang berisi pengantar atau pengenalan e-learning. e

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Bab II berisi tentang studi awal dampak ujicoba ee-learning pada sekolah anak anak ana tak mampu. Studi ini merupakan kegiatan riset dampak penerapan teknologi informasi pada pendidikan masyarakat tidak mampu yang disponsori oleh Universitas Indonesia dan dilakukan pada tahun 2009.

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Bab III berisi hasil survey e-learning e di Indonesia. Survei ini ingin melihat sejauh mana fasilitas internet di sekolah di Indonesia dimanfaatkan guna mendukung proses pembelajaran. Dari fasilitas yang telah disediakan, ternyata pemanfaatannya masih sangat minim, apalagi di kota kota besar.

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Bab ab IV tentang strategi penerapan ee-learning di sekolah. Strategi dapat diterapkan mulai dari yang paling ideal namun dengan anggaran yang besar hingga strategi yang murah. Tulisan bab ini juga telah diminta untuk muncul dalam Buku UI Untuk Un Bangsa – sebagai salah satu kontribusi civitas akademika UI dalam mengatasi masalah bangsa Indonesia.

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Bab V dan Bab VI tentang Situs ESFINDO dan cara pemakaiannya. Sebuah layanan Portal pendukung pembelajaran untuk Sekolah Menengah di Indonesia yaitu ESFINDO (E-school for Indonesia) telah dibuka pada tanggal 19 April 2009. Portal ini diberi nama Esfindo versi 1.0 dan dapat digunakan gratis oleh para guru dan siswa sekolah menengah di Indonesia. Esfindo mendukung pengembangan komunikas komunikasii dua arah, tidak hanya dari sisi pengajar (guru) tetapi


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juga dari siswa. Fitur untuk siswa antara lain fitur login, mengubah profile, melihat peserta, membaca materi pelajaran, memposting/reply news, memposting/reply forum, membaca dan mengupload pekerjaan n rumah, melakukan chatting, mengikuti kuis online, melihat tanggapan kuis, dan melihat sumber pembelajaran lainnya. Bagi sekolah, unit pendidikan formal maupun non formal formal, guru atau dosen yang ingin mempunyai halaman tersendiri secara gratis di situs EESFINDO, SFINDO, maka dapat menghubungi penulis melalui e-mail e di bawah. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada •

Ikhlas Purwanto - lulusan Program S1 Fasilkom UIUI yang telah membantu pengumpulan data pada Bab 3.

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Bapak Yugo Kartono Isal - Dosen Fasilkom UI- yang telah elah memberikan saran dan perbaikan penulisan buku ini.

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Pemilik situs yang iconnya dipakai dalam buku ini, antara lain HTTP://WWW.DEZINERFOLIO.COM dan HTTP://SITES.GOOGLE.COM/SITE/STINGDEVELOPERNEWS/

Akhir kata, penulis yakin bahwa buku ini masih banyak kekurangannya, dengan senang hati kami akan menerima saran perbaikan dari para pembaca. Penulis

e-mail: [email protected]


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KATA PENGANTAR OLEH ONNO W. PURBO Salut! Itu barangkali satu kata yang harus saya berikan kepada Pak Heru Suhartanto dan teman teman-teman di FASILKOM UI yang berjuang memberikan layanan e-school e school untuk Indonesia pada situs http://esfindo.cs.ui.ac.id. Gebrakan e-school e school bahkan disertai dengan pembuatan buku manual yang bebas “Ber-e-learning secara praktis dengan ESFINDO”

Buku ini merupakan panduan wajib bagi sekolah dan kampus di Indonesia yang ingin berkiprah dan memaksimalkan malkan teknologi informasi untuk pendidikan. Selain konsep konsep-konsep konsep pendidikan berbasis jaringan juga disertakan panduan praktis untuk memanfaatkan situs ESFINDO. Lengkaplah sudah solusi untuk sekolah yang ingin berkiprah di dunia e-learning e dan e-school.

Cantiknya semua ini dapat diakses dengan mudah melalui Internet. Semoga buku dan infrastruktur ESFINDO dapat membantu anak-anak anak anak muda Indonesia untuk menjadi lebih baik lagi dari kami para pendahulunya. Semoga amal & ibadah para pembuat ESFINDO ESFINDO diterima dan lipat gandakan oleh-Nya. oleh Amin.

Jakarta, 8 November 2010

Onno W. Purbo E-mail:[email protected]


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Contents Kata Pengantar Penulis ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................ 2 Kata Pengantar oleh Onno W. Purbo................................................................................................ ...................................... 6 Hak Cipta................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................... 15 Bab 1. Pengenalan E-Learning................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................ 16 Definisi E-learning................................................................................................ ................................ .............................................................. 16 Komponen atau Arsitektur E-Learning Learning ................................................................ ............................................................... 16 Pemakai/akses ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................... 16 Aplikasi ................................................................................................................................ ................................ .......................................... 16 Infrastruktur ................................................................................................................................ ................................ .................................. 19 Manfaat dan tipe E-Learning ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................. 20 Student-Centered E-learning ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................. 21 Skenario Penerapan................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................................... 22 Beberapa contoh LMS................................ ................................................................................................ ........................................................ 24 Moodle................................................................ ................................................................................................ .............................................. 26 SCELE UI ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................ 27 SCELE UI versi awal ................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................................ 27 SCeLE UI-NG ................................................................................................................................ ................................ .................................. 28 ESFINDO ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................ 30 Bab 2. Dampak pada Pendidikan Anak Jalanan dan Komunitas Mi Miskin Kota .......................................... ................................ 31 Pendahuluan ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ..................................... 31 Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................. 31 Manfaat ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ......................................... 33 Metodologi Riset ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................... 34 Survei, ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................... 34


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Pengembangan portal,................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................... 34 Uji coba penggunaan portal, ................................................................................................ .......................................... 34 Analisis data. ................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................................. 34 Penarikan kesimpulan. ................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................... 35 Capaian Riset ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ..................................... 35 Survei dan sampel................................................................................................. ................................ ......................................................... 35 Perancangan dan implementasi ntasi portal. ................................................................ .......................................................... 35 Uji coba / Pelatihan sistem oleh para guru (tahap satu)................................................................. ................................ 36 Uji coba / Pelatihan sistem guru dan siswa (tahap dua). ................................................................. ................................ 36 Analisis data kuantitatif ................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................. 37 Pengaruh Portal ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................. 38 Kajian Portal di daerah Pedesaan ................................................................................................ ................................... 39 Analisis Data kuesioner ................................................................................................ ................................ .................................................. 40 Harapan dan Kekhawatiran Siswa STD ................................................................ ........................................................... 42 Rencana Riset Lanjut ................................................................................................ ................................ ......................................................... 43 Bab 3. Survei E-learning learning Indonesia ................................................................................................ ......................................... 45 Pendahuluan ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ..................................... 45 Metodologi................................................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................ 46 Hasil Survei ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................ 47 Faktor Hambatan................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................... 50 Bab 4. Strategi Implementasi Sistem E-learning E ................................................................ ..................................................... 52 Latar belakang ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ................................... 52 Optimalisasi Infrastruktur TIK u untuk Pendidikan ................................................................ ................................................ 53 Strategi ................................................................ ................................................................................................ .............................................. 56 Kesimpulan................................................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................ 60


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Bab 5. MENU Guru - Beranda Utama Esfindo ................................................................ ........................................................ 61 Menu Login ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ....................................... 62 Membuat Akun ................................................................................................ ................................ .............................................................. 62 Proses Login................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................... 63 Kehilangan Password ................................................................................................ ................................ ..................................................... 65 Forum................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................ 66 Membuat Topik Baru ................................................................................................ ................................ ..................................................... 68 Membaca Topik ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................. 71 Membalas Topik ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................ 72 Beranda Kursus................................ ................................................................................................................................ .................................. 74 Melihat Daftar Kursus ................................................................................................ ................................ .................................................... 75 Melihat Semua Kursus yang Tersedia ................................................................ ............................................................. 75 Pengajuan Kursus Baru ................................................................................................ ................................ .................................................. 76 Berganti Peran (Switch Role) ................................................................................................ .......................................... 78 Menu People ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ..................................... 79 Pengurutan Daftar Peserta................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................. 79 Melihat Daftar Peserta Berdasarkan Nama yang Diawali Huruf Tertentu ........................................ ................................ 80 Assign Roles ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ................................... 80 Mengirim Pesan Kepada Peserta Lain................................................................ ............................................................. 82 Menambahkan Catatan Untuk Peserta Lain (Per Individu) .............................................................. ................................ 84 Menambahkan Catatan yang Sama Untuk Banyak Peserta ............................................................. ................................ 85 Fitur Lainnya Pada Halaman Peserta ................................................................ .............................................................. 85 Menu Activities................................ ................................................................................................................................ .................................. 87 Assignments ................................................................................................................................ ................................ .................................. 87 Chats ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................. 87


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Forums ................................................................................................................................ ................................ .......................................... 88 Glossaries ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ...................................... 89 Quizzes ................................................................................................................................ ................................ .......................................... 89 Resources ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ...................................... 90 Menu Search Forums ................................................................................................ ................................ ......................................................... 91 Menu Administration................................ ................................................................................................ ......................................................... 92 Turn Editing On ................................................................................................ ................................ .............................................................. 93 Menu Blocks ................................................................................................................................ ................................ .................................. 97 Menambahkan Aktifitas ................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................. 97 Menambahkan Materi Ajar ................................................................................................ .......................................... 113 Settings ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ........................................... 116 Assign Roles................................................................................................................................ ................................ ..................................... 119 Grades ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................. 119 Groups ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................ 122 Membuat Kelompok Secara Manual ................................................................ ............................................................ 122 Membuat Kelompok Secara Otomatis ................................................................ .......................................................... 123 Melihat Kelompok yang Sudah Ada ................................................................ .............................................................. 124 Menghapus Kelompok yang Sudah Ada................................................................ Ada ........................................................ 124 Mengubah Anggota Kelompok yang Sudah Ada ................................................................ ........................................... 125 Mengubah Pengaturan Kelompok yang Sudah Ada ................................................................ ...................................... 126 Backup ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................ 127 Restore ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................ 130 Import ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................. 133 Import Activities ................................................................................................ ................................ .......................................................... 134 Import Groups ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................. 137


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Reset ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................... 138 Reports................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................ 140 Live Logs From The Past Hour ................................................................................................ ...................................... 140 Activity Report ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................. 141 Participation Report................................................................................................ ................................ ..................................................... 141 Statistic................................................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................ 142 Questions ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................ 143 Questions ................................................................................................................................ ................................ .................................... 144 Category ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ...................................... 146 Import ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ......................................... 146 Export ................................................................................................................................ ................................ .......................................... 147 Files ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................. 148 Rename ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ....................................... 148 Edit ................................................................ ................................................................................................ .............................................. 149 List................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................... 150 Unzip ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ........................................... 151 Make A Folder ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................. 152 Mengunggah Berkas (Upload Upload a file file) ................................................................ ............................................................. 152 Mengunduh Berkas (Download Download a file) file ................................................................ .......................................................... 154 Move to another folder ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................... 155 Delete completely................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................................ 156 Create zip archive ................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................................ 157 Unenrol ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ........................................... 158 Profile................................................................ ................................................................................................ .............................................. 159 Menu Latest News ................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................................... 160


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Menu Upcoming Events ................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................... 161 Melihat Events di Kalender ................................................................................................ ................................ .............................................. 161 Membuat Event Baru ................................................................................................ ................................ ....................................................... 163 Mengubah Event yang Ada ................................................................................................ ................................ .............................................. 165 Menghapus Event ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................ 166 Eksport Kalender ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................. 166 Menu Recent Activity ................................................................................................ ................................ ...................................................... 168 Halaman Tugas ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ................................ 170 Halaman Kuis................................................................................................................................ ................................ ................................... 174 Halaman Obrol (Chat) ................................................................................................ ................................ ...................................................... 178 Bab 6. MENU SISWA - Beranda Utama Esfindo ................................................................ .................................................... 180 Menu Login ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ..................................... 180 Membuat Akun................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................ 180 Proses Login ................................................................................................................................ ................................ .................................... 182 Kehilangan Password ................................................................................................ ................................ ....................................................... 184 Forum................................................................ ................................................................................................ .............................................. 186 Membuat Topik Baru ................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................... 188 Membaca Topik ................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................................... 190 Membalas Topik ................................................................................................ ................................ .......................................................... 191 Beranda Kursus................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................ 193 Melihat Daftar Kursus ................................................................................................ ................................ .................................................. 194 Melihat Semua Kursus yang Tersedia ................................................................ ........................................................... 194 Pengajuan Kursus Baru ................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................ 195 Menu People ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ................................... 197 Pengurutan Daftar Peserta................................ ................................................................................................ ........................................... 198


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Melihat Daftar Peserta Berdasarkan Nama yang Diawali Huruf Tertentu ...................................... ................................ 198 Fitur Lainnya Pada Halaman Peserta ................................................................ ............................................................ 198 Menu Activities................................ ................................................................................................................................ ................................ 200 Assignments ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ................................ 200 Advanced uploading of files ................................................................................................ ......................................... 201 Online text ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ................................... 204 Upload a single file................................ ................................................................................................ ....................................................... 205 Offline activity ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................. 207 Chats ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................... 208 Forums ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................ 211 Glossaries ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................ 211 Quizzes ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................ 214 Resources ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................ 218 Menu Search Forums ................................................................................................ ................................ ....................................................... 220 Menu Administration................................ ................................................................................................ ....................................................... 221 Grades ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................. 221 Profile................................................................ ................................................................................................ .............................................. 222 Menu Latest News ................................................................................................ ................................ ........................................................... 224 Menu Upcoming Events ................................................................................................ ................................ ................................................... 225 Melihat Events di Kalender ................................................................................................ ................................ .............................................. 225 Eksport Kalender ................................................................................................ ................................ ............................................................. 227 Menu Recent Activity ................................................................................................ ................................ ...................................................... 229 Glosarium................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................ 231 Indeks ................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................. 233 Daftar Acuan ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ....................................... 234


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Tentang Penulis ................................................................................................................................ ................................ ................................... 238


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Ber-e-learning secara praktis ESFINDO

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