Abstrak
Berbagai perkembangan sarana promosi pada periklanan menumbuhkan buah pikiran untuk membuat sarana promosi yang menarik. Tugas Akhir ini dirancang sebagai sarana promosi di dalam ruangan menggunakan robot balon udara. Robot ini menggunakan microcontroller Atmega8L yang dapat mengontrol pergerakan kipas yang berfungsi sebagai penggerak robot. Robot ini dapat diperintah dengan memprogram sesuai dengan rute yang dinginkan. Jalur yang dibentuk terbatas pada pergerakan maju mundur dan kiri kanan.
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ABSTRACT
Developments of advertising idea have grown up to the level of attractive promotion. That’s for, the thesis has been designed to make attractive promotion using the flying robot. This robot uses Atmega8L microcontroller that can control the movement of the fan as robot propellers. This robot could be governed by programming in accordance with the desired route. Pathway is formed limited to forward-backward and left-right movements.
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Daftar Isi
Abstrak ............................................................................................................ i Abstract ........................................................................................................... ii Daftar Isi .......................................................................................................... iii Daftar Gambar ................................................................................................. vi Daftar Tabel .................................................................................................... viii Bab I. Pendahuluan ....................................................................................... 1 1.1. Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 1 1.2. Identifikasi Masalah ....................................................................... 2 1.3. Tujuan Masalah .............................................................................. 2 1.4. Pembatasan Masalah ....................................................................... 3 1.6. Sistematika Pembahasan ................................................................. 3 Bab II. Landasan Teori ................................................................................ 4 2.1. Microcontroller .............................................................................. 4 2.2. Arduino ........................................................................................... 6 2.2.1. Sejarah Arduino .................................................................. 7 2.2.2. Kelebihan Arduino ............................................................. 7 2.2.3. Bahasa Pemrograman Arduino ........................................... 8 2.3. Transistor ........................................................................................ 8 2.3.1. Cara kerja Transistor .......................................................... 9 2.3.2. Transistor Terdiri dari 2 jenis ............................................. 10 2.3.3. Cara Kerja Praktis Transistor PNP (Analogi Relay) .......... 11 iii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
2.3.4. Prinsip Kerja Transistor NPN ............................................. 12 2.3.5. Cara Kerja Praktis Transistor NPN (Analogi Relay) .......... 13 2.3.6. Kelebihan Transistor .......................................................... 14 2.3.7. Kelemahan Transistor ......................................................... 14 2.3.8. Jenis-jenis Transistor .......................................................... 15 2.4. Teori Dasar Fisika .......................................................................... 16 2.4.1. Berat Benda ........................................................................ 16 2.4.2. Hukum-hukum Newton ...................................................... 17 2.4.2.1. Hukum Newton I .................................................. 17 2.4.2.1. Hukum Newton II ................................................. 17 2.4.2.1. Hukum Newton III ................................................ 17 2.5. Teori Penyearah Gelombang ........................................................... 18 2.5.1. Teori Dasar ........................................................................ 18 2.5.2. Penyearah Setengah Gelombang (Half-Wave Rectifier) .... 18 2.5.3. Penyearah Gelombang Penuh ............................................. 20 Bab III. Perancangan Alat ........................................................................... 22 3.1. Blok Diagram dan Flowchart .......................................................... 22 3.2. Hardware ........................................................................................ 24 3.2.1. Microcontroller .................................................................. 24 3.2.2. Rangkaian Transistor .......................................................... 26 3.2.3. Kipas ................................................................................... 28 3.2.4. Kabel DB9 Serial to Serial ................................................. 29 3.2.5. Baterai Li-Ion ..................................................................... 29
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3.3. Arduino ........................................................................................... 30 3.4. Alumunium dan Daur ulang ............................................................ 32 Bab IV. Data Pengamatan ............................................................................ 34 4.1. Berat Baterai .................................................................................. 34 4.2. Jumlah Balon .................................................................................. 36 4.3. Putaran Belokan .............................................................................. 38 4.4. Ketahanan Baterai ........................................................................... 40 Bab V. Kesimpulan dan Saran ..................................................................... 41 5.1. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 41 5.2. Saran ............................................................................................... 42 Daftar Pustaka ................................................................................................. 43 Lampiran A ..................................................................................................... A1 Lampiran B ...................................................................................................... B1
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Daftar Gambar
Gambar 2.1. Cara kerja praktis Transistor PNP .............................................. 11 Gambar 2.2. Prinsip kerja transistor NPN ........................................................ 13 Gambar 2.3. Cara kerja praktis Transistor NPN ............................................ 13 Gambar 2.4. Aneka ragam bentuk Transistor ................................................. 15 Gambar 2.5. Rangkaian penyearah setengah gelombang ................................ 19 Gambar 2.6. Setengah gelombang yang dihasilkan ........................................ 19 Gambar 2.7. Rangkaian penyearah gelombang penuh .................................... 20 Gambar 2.8. Gelombang penuh yang dihasilkan ............................................ 20 Gambar 3.1. Blok Diagram ............................................................................. 22 Gambar 3.2. Keseluruhan Rangkaian Robot ................................................... 22 Gambar 3.3. Flowchart ................................................................................... 23 Gambar 3.4. Microcontroller Arduino ............................................................ 24 Gambar 3.5. Rangkaian 1 Transistor fungsi Relay ......................................... 26 Gambar 3.6. Rangkaian 2 Transistor fungsi Relay ......................................... 27 Gambar 3.7. Hasil komponen Transistor ........................................................ 27 Gambar 3.8. Kipas angin ................................................................................. 29 Gambar 3.9. Kabel DM9 Serial to Serial ........................................................ 29 Gambar 3.10. Baterai Li-Ion dengan tempatnya ............................................. 30 Gambar 3.11. Tampilan awal program Arduino ............................................. 31 Gambar 3.12. Rangka alumunium dan karton daur ulang sebagai induktor ... 32
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Gambar 3.13. Rangka alumunium dan karton daur ulang sebagai penutup rangkaian ................................................................... 33 Gambar 4.2. Baterai Accu ................................................................................ 35 Gambar 4.1. Baterai Li-Ion pada lempengan campuran plastik dan karet dengan lapisan alumunium ...................................................... 35
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Daftar Tabel
Tabel 4.1. Tabel pengujian berat total robot ................................................... 35 Tabel 4.2. Tabel pengujian penerbangan menggunakan baterai Accu ............ 37 Tabel 4.3. Tabel pengujian penerbangan menggunakan baterai Li-Ion .......... 37 Tabel 4.4. Tabel pengujian putaran robot pada kondisi pasif-aktif ................. 38 Tabel 4.5. Tabel pengujian putaran robot pada kondisi aktif-pasif ................. 39 Tabel 4.6. Tabel pengujian ketahanan baterai Li-Ion ...................................... 40
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