ABSTRAK EFEK MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA KENANGA (Cananga Odorata) SEBAGAI REPELLENT TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes sp.BETINA Lely Sustantine Totalia, 2014,
Pembimbing : Sri Nadya Saanin, dr., M.Kes.
Latar belakang Nyamuk Aedes sp. betina merupakan vektor biologis dari penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Untuk mencegah cucukan nyamuk antara lain dengan menggunakan anti nyamuk sintetik seperti N,N-diethyl-metatoluamide (DEET). Namun penggunaan DEET dapat menimbulkan efek samping, sehingga perlu dicari pengganti repellent yang alami. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek repellent minyak atsiri bunga kenanga terhadap nyamuk Aedes sp. Metode penelitian Rancang acak lengkap. Hewan coba nyamuk Aedes sp. sebanyak 750 ekor dialokasikan menjadi lima kelompok (n = 750), diberikan perlakuan dengan pengulangan 5 kali, yaitu minyak atsiri bunga kenanga (Cananga odorata) 25%, 50%, 75%, DEET 12,5, larutan gula. Hasil percobaan menunjukan rerata jumlah nyamuk yang tidak mendekat ke daerah perlakuan DEET adalah 96%, dan larutan gula adalah 35%, sedangkan hasil yang diperoleh dari minyak atsiri bunga kenanga dengan konsentrasi 25% adalah 90%, 50% adalah 92%, 75% adalah 94%. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah minyak atsiri bunga kenanga berefek sebagai repellent nyamuk Aedes sp. betina.
Kata kunci: nyamuk, minyak atsiri bunga kenanga, repellent.
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ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF YLANG-YLANG FLOWER (Cananga odorata) ESSENTIAL OILS AS REPELLENT AGAINST Aedes sp. FEMALE MOSQUITOES Lely Sustantine Totalia, 2014,
Tutor: Sri Nadya Saanin, dr., M.kes
Background: Female Aedes sp. had become as vector for diseases such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). To prevent mosquito as bites we could use synthetic repellent such as N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). Long period usages of DEET could cause a lot of side effects so we needed to look for natural repellent which as effective as but safer than DEET to use. Aim: To know the effect of essential oil taken from the peel of ylang-ylang flower’s as repellent to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Method: True experimental design with complete randomized sampling.750 Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were allocated into 5 groups, each group were given different treatment essential of with 25%, 50%, 75%, DEET 12,5%, the data assessed is the number of mosquitoes who didn’t come closer to the treatment zone. Result: The study showed that the average effect of DEET is 96% and sugar suspension is 35% as repellent, while the essential oil of ylang-ylang flowers with concentration 25% is 90%, 50% is 92%, and 75% is 94%. Conclutions: The essential oil of ylang-ylang flower had repellent effect against Aedes sp. mosquitoes.
Key words: mosquitoes, ylang-ylang flowers peel, repellent.
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DAFTAR ISI
ABSTRAK .........................................................................................................iv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................v KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................vi DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR TABEL.............................................................................................. xii DAFTAR GAMBAR .........................................................................................xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................
1
1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ......................................................................................
1
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ..........................................................................................
2
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................
2
1.4.1
Manfaat Akademis ........................................................................
2
1.4.2
Manfaat Praktis ..............................................................................
2
1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran dan Hipotesis .............................................................
2
1.5.1
Kerangka Pemikiran ......................................................................
2
1.6 Hipotesis ......................................................................................................
3
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Nyamuk Aedes sp. .......................................................................................
4
2.1.1
Toksonomi Aedes sp ......................................................................
4
2.1.2
Morfologi Nyamuk.........................................................................
4
2.1.2.1 Telur...........................................................................................
4
2.1.2.2 Larva ..........................................................................................
5
2.1.2.3 Pupa ...........................................................................................
6
2.1.2.4 Nyamuk dewasa............................................................................. 6
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2.1.3.Umur…………………………………………………………….. 7 2.1.4 Tempat Perindukan…………………………………………….... 7 2.1.5 Perilaku Nyamuk Dewasa Betina……………………………….. 8 2.1.6 kebiasaan Makan Nyamuk………………………………………
8
2.1.7 Siklus Hidup …………………………………………………..... 9 2.1 Demam Berdarah ................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Definisi ........................................................................................ 9 2.2.2 Epidemiologi ................................................................................ 10 2.2.3 Etiologi ......................................................................................... 10 2.2.4 Morfologi Virus Dengue .............................................................. 10 2.2.5 Pencegahan Virus Dengue ............................................................ 11 2.2.6 Klasifikasi DBD .......................................................................... 12 2.2.7 Patogenesis .................................................................................. 13 2.2.8 Manifestasi Klinik ....................................................................... 13 2.2.9 Diagnosis ...................................................................................... 13 2.2.10 Pemeriksaan Penunjang .............................................................. 14 2.2.11 Penatalaksanaan ......................................................................... 14 2.2.12 Pencegahan ................................................................................ 15 2.2.13 Prognosis .................................................................................... 15 2.3 Usaha pengendalian Nyamuk ....................................................................... 15 2.3.1 Reppelent .................................................................................... 16 2.3.2 DEET ........................................................................................... 16 2.3.3 DDT .............................................................................................. 17 2.4 Bunga Kenanga ............................................................................................ 17 2.4.1Toksonomi ..................................................................................... 17 2.4.2 Nama Lokal .................................................................................. 18 2.5 Minyak Atsiri ................................................................................................ 18 2.5.1 Pembuatan Minyak atsiri .............................................................. 18 2.5.2 Kandungan Bunga Kenanga ......................................................... 19 2.5.3 Penggunaan Minyak atsiri ............................................................ 19
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BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN
3.1 Alat dan Bahan yang Digunakan...................................................................20 3.1.1 Alat.................................................................................................20 3.1.2 Bahan .............................................................................................20 3.1.3 Subyek penelitian...........................................................................20 3.1.4 Ukuran sampel ...............................................................................21 3.2 Tempat dan waktu penelitian ........................................................................21 3.3 Metode Penelitian..........................................................................................21 3.3.1 Desain penelitian .............................................................................21 3.3.2 Variable penelitian .........................................................................21 3.4 Prosedur penelitian ........................................................................................22 3.4.1 Persiapan bahan uji ........................................................................22 3.4.2 Persiapan hewan coba ....................................................................22 3.4.3 Cara kerja .......................................................................................22 3.5 Analisis data ..................................................................................................23 3.5.1 Hipotesis statistik ...........................................................................23 3.5.2 Kriteria uji ......................................................................................23 3.6 Uji Pendahuluan ...........................................................................................24 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1 Hasil dan Pembahasan...................................................................................25 4.2 Pengujian Hipotesis Penulisan ......................................................................27 4.2.1
Hipotesis Statistik .........................................................................28
4.2.2
Kriteria Uji ....................................................................................28
4.3 Hal-hal yang Mendukung..............................................................................28 4.4 Hal-hal yang Tidak Mendukung ...................................................................28 4.5 Simpulan .......................................................................................................28
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BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................29 5.2 Saran .......................................................................................................29
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................30 LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................33 RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS .........................................................................38
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 3.6 Uji Pendahuluan…………………………………………………….. 24 Tabel 4.1 Jumlah Nyamuk Yang Berada Disisi Berseberangan Dengan Berbagai kosenstrasi .........................................................................................................25 Tabel 4.2 Tabel ANAVA ....................................................................................26
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Telur ...............................................................................................5 Gambar 2.2 Larva ...............................................................................................6 Gambar 2.3 Pupa .................................................................................................6 Gambar 2.4 Nyamuk Dewasa. ............................................................................7 Gambar 2.5 Siklus Hidup Nyamuk .....................................................................9 Gambar 2.6 Bunga Kenanga ..............................................................................18
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN 1 FOTO PENELITIAN ...............................................................33 LAMPIRAN 2 PERHITUNGAN DOSIS MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA KENANGA ........................................................................................................35 LAMPIRAN 3 TABEL UJI ANAVA SATU ARAH .........................................36 LAMPIRAN 4 UJI BEDA RATA-RATA LSD .................................................37
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