Cara menterjemahkan
LANGKAH-LANGKAH MENTERJEMAHKAN
1. Uraikan kalimat menurut Subyek, Predikat, Obyek contoh : I S
play P
badminton O
kalimat ini mudah karena subyek, predikat dan obyek hanya terdiri dari satu kata Development in general covers the utilization of natural resources The government pay attention to the material welfare of the people
2. Masing-masing noun cluster dicari Headwordnya (KBU) Contoh : Development in general The utilization of natural resources The government The material welfare of the people
3. Kalau dalam noun cluster ada kata sandang a atau an atau ada kata bilangan maka kata-kata tersebut diterjemahkan dahulu Contoh :
The rural development has a character which covers all aspects of social life KBU 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 Development in general covers the utilization of natural resources 1 2 3 4 6 5
•
The airplane is another invention that is changing our lives. 1 2 3 4 5 7 6
CARA MENTERJEMAHKAN 1.Kata sandang a dan an diterjemahkan dengan se….. di depan kata benda utama atau tidak usah diterjemahkan sama sekali Contoh:an elementary school = sebuah sekolah dasar, sekolah dasar A beautiful flower = sekuntum bunga yang indah, bunga yang indah
2.kata sandang the diterjemahkan dengan itu sesudah kata benda inti atau tidak usah diterjemahkan sama sekali contoh: The central bank is near the river = bank sentral itu di dekat sungai the chemical book is on the table = buku kimia itu di atas meja 3.adjective (kata sifat) diterjemahkan sesudah kata benda inti contoh regional development = pembangunan daerah the right methods = metode yang benar social problems = masalah-masalah sosial
4. Numerial (kata bilangan) diterjemahkan di depan kata benda inti. Contoh One million dollars = sejuta dolar Many problems = banyak masalah Several suggestions = beberapa masukan 5. Possessive pronoun (kata ganti empunya) diterjemahkan sesudah kata benda utama Contoh : His new house = rumah barunya His great view = pandangan hebatnya Her leadership = kepemimpinannya
6. Kata benda yang berfungsi sebagai modifier diterjemahkan di belakang kata benda utama contoh : the government attention = perhatian pemerintah noun (M) Noun (H) 7. modifier (keterangan) yang berupa preposition group diterjemahkan sesudah kata benda utama contoh : various differences within the community = berbagai perbedaan dalam masyarakat H M (preposition group) The main objective of regional development = tujuan utama pembangunan daerah H M (preposition group)
8. modifier yang berupa anak kalimat diterjemahkan sesudah kata benda utama contoh: an approach which is used by the government = pendekatan yang digunakan oleh anak kalimat pemerintah the wise leader who directs this country = pemimpin bijaksana mengarahkan anak kalimat negara ini
9. pola kalimat : There – to be – S – Keterangan, menggambarkan adanya sesuatu (S)pada suatu tempat atau waktu seperti yang dinyatakan oleh keterangan. Contoh; There is a book on the table = ada sebuah buku di atas meja itu There was a traffic accident in front of the post office this morning = Ada kecelakaan lalulintas di depan kantor pos pagi tadi
10. Pola kalimat dengan It, arti pola ini ialah subyek berada dalam suatu keadaan seperti yang digambarkan oleh keterangan di belakangnya Contoh: It is important to studi foreign language = Penting mempelajari bahasa asing /Mempelajari bahasa asing adalah penting It is a must for us to perform our duties = Adalah suatu keharusasn bagi kita untuk melaksanakan tugas kita It is obvious that man proposes but God disposes = Jelas bahwa manusia merencanakan tetapi Tuhan menentukan It is no good pretending to be clever = Tidak baik / tidak ada gunanya berpura-pura pintar
HOMEWORK TERJEMAHKAN TEKS BAHASA INGGRIS BERIKUT PALING LAMBAT DIKUMPULKAN TANGGAL 18 Nopember 2011 DITULIS TANGAN
Mechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools.[1] It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines. The engineering field requires an understanding of core concepts including mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, materials science, and structural analysis. Mechanical engineers use these core principles along with tools like computer-aided engineering and product lifecycle management to design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, transport systems, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, medical devices and more. Mechanical engineering emerged as a field during the industrial revolution in Europe in the 18th century; however, its development can be traced back several thousand years around the world. Mechanical engineering science emerged in the 19th century as a result of developments in the field of physics. The field has continually evolved to incorporate advancements in technology, and mechanical engineers today are pursuing developments in such fields as composites, mechatronics, and nanotechnology. Mechanical engineering overlaps with aerospace engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, petroleum engineering, and chemical engineering to varying amounts. (UNTUK NIM BERAKHIRAN ANGKA 1 ATAU 6)
Applications of mechanical engineering are found in the records of many ancient and medieval societies throughout the globe. In ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes (287 BC–212 BC) deeply influenced mechanics in the Western tradition and Heron of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD) created the first steam engine.[2] In China, Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) improved a water clock and invented a seismometer, and Ma Jun (200– 265 AD) invented a chariot with differential gears. The medieval Chinese horologist and engineer Su Song (1020–1101 AD) incorporated an escapement mechanism into his astronomical clock tower two centuries before any escapement can be found in clocks of medieval Europe, as well as the world's first known endless powertransmitting chain drive.[3] During the years from 7th to 15th century, the era called the Islamic Golden Age, there were remarkable contributions from Muslim inventors in the field of mechanical technology. Al-Jazari, who was one of them, wrote his famous Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices in 1206, and presented many mechanical designs. He is also considered to be the inventor of such mechanical devices which now form the very basic of mechanisms, such as the crankshaft and camshaft.[4] Important breakthroughs in the foundations of mechanical engineering occurred in England during the 17th century when Sir Isaac Newton both formulated the three Newton's Laws of Motion and developed Calculus. Newton was reluctant to publish his methods and laws for years, but he was finally persuaded to do so by his colleagues, such as Sir Edmund Halley, much to the benefit of all mankind. (UNTUK NIM BERAKHIRAN ANGKA 2 ATAU 7)
During the early 19th century in England, Germany and Scotland, the development of machine tools led mechanical engineering to develop as a separate field within engineering, providing manufacturing machines and the engines to power them.[5] The first British professional society of mechanical engineers was formed in 1847 Institution of Mechanical Engineers, thirty years after the civil engineers formed the first such professional society Institution of Civil Engineers.[6] On the European continent, Johann Von Zimmermann (1820–1901) founded the first factory for grinding machines in Chemnitz (Germany) in 1848. In the United States, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) was formed in 1880, becoming the third such professional engineering society, after the American Society of Civil Engineers (1852) and the American Institute of Mining Engineers (1871).[7] The first schools in the United States to offer an engineering education were the United States Military Academy in 1817, an institution now known as Norwich University in 1819, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1825. Education in mechanical engineering has historically been based on a strong foundation in mathematics and science. (UNTUK NIM BERAKHIRAN ANGKA 3 ATAU 8)
Mechanical engineers are also expected to understand and be able to apply basic concepts from chemistry, physics, chemical engineering, civil engineering, and electrical engineering. Most mechanical engineering programs include multiple semesters of calculus, as well as advanced mathematical concepts including differential equations, partial differential equations, linear algebra, abstract algebra, and differential geometry, among others. In addition to the core mechanical engineering curriculum, many mechanical engineering programs offer more specialized programs and classes, such as robotics, transport and logistics, cryogenics, fuel technology, automotive engineering, biomechanics, vibration, optics and others, if a separate department does not exist for these subjects.[15] Most mechanical engineering programs also require varying amounts of research or community projects to gain practical problem-solving experience. In the United States it is common for mechanical engineering students to complete one or more internships while studying, though this is not typically mandated by the university. Cooperative education is another option. (UNTUK NIM BERAKHIRAN ANGKA 4 ATAU 9)
Mechatronics and robotics Mechatronics is an interdisciplinary branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and software engineering that is concerned with integrating electrical and mechanical engineering to create hybrid systems. In this way, machines can be automated through the use of electric motors, servo-mechanisms, and other electrical systems in conjunction with special software. A common example of a mechatronics system is a CD-ROM drive. Mechanical systems open and close the drive, spin the CD and move the laser, while an optical system reads the data on the CD and converts it to bits. Integrated software controls the process and communicates the contents of the CD to the computer. Robotics is the application of mechatronics to create robots, which are often used in industry to perform tasks that are dangerous, unpleasant, or repetitive. These robots may be of any shape and size, but all are preprogrammed and interact physically with the world. To create a robot, an engineer typically employs kinematics (to determine the robot's range of motion) and mechanics (to determine the stresses within the robot). Robots are used extensively in industrial engineering. They allow businesses to save money on labor, perform tasks that are either too dangerous or too precise for humans to perform them economically, and to insure better quality. Many companies employ assembly lines of robots,especially in Automotive Industries and some factories are so robotized that they can run by themselves. Outside the factory, robots have been employed in bomb disposal, space exploration, and many other fields. Robots are also sold for various residential applications. (UNTUK NIM BERAKHIRAN ANGKA 5 ATAU 0)
